1. St. Johns County Agricultural Agent
Dwight K. Jesseman
St. Johns County
Agricultural Agent

2. Nematology
Basic Principles for Master Gardeners

3. Types of Nematodes Plant Parasitic Predatory Entomophagous Free Living
Marine

4. Plant Parasitic

5. Predatory

6. Entomophagous

7. Free Living

8. Marine

9. Morphology and Anatomy
Animals
Round Worms
Size 0.25mm to 3.0mm
Layered Cuticle
Vermiform, Globose, Kidney Shaped

10. Layered Cuticle

11. Vermiform

12. Globose

13. Kidney Shaped

14. Life Cycle and Reproduction
Egg - 50 to 500
Four Juvenile Stages
Adult
Male and Female in Most Species
Life Cycle Dependant on Soil Temperatures
Move Slowly

15. Egg and Juvenile

16. Feeding
Oral Stylet or Spear
Inject Enzymes
Digest Cell Contents

17. Oral Stylet

18. Host- Parasite Relationship
Migratory Ectoparasitic
Ring, Spiral
Migratory Endoparasitic
Lesion, Burrowing
Sedentary Endoparasitic
Root-Knot, Cyst, Reniform, Citrus

19. Migratory Ectoparasitic

20. Migratory Endoparasitic

21. Sedentary Endoparasitic

22. Diagnoses Very Difficult at Times Poor Growth Combination of Problems
Assay of Soil and/or Plant Tissue
Symptoms

23. Above-Ground Rarely Sufficient Chlorosis Dieback Melting out
Reduced Growth
Water Stressed

24. Reduced Growth

25. Below-Ground Root Galls Root Swellings Abbreviated Root System
Root Rot
Cyst Nematodes

26. Root Galls

27. Abbreviated Root System

28. Cyst Nematodes

29. Field History
Gradual Decline
Area - Small to Large
Rotation of Crops

30. Laboratory Assay Soil and Plant Tissue Relative Population Densities
Economic Thresholds

31. Nematode Management Prevention Crop Rotation Crop Root Destruction
Flooding and Fallowing
Resistance
Biological Control
Nematicides

32. Home Garden Container Growing Site Selection Crop Rotation
Soil Tillage and Root Destruction
Amendments
Organic Matter
Green Manures

33. Home Garden Planting Time Nematode - Free Transplants
Resistant Varieties
Soil Solarization
Chemical Control

34. Soil Solarization Cover for at least 4 weeks Well Tilled High Moisture
Slightly Raised Beds
Crown the Bed

35. Soil Solarization Clear Polyethylene Thin Plastic 1 to 2 mil
Leave in Place Until Planting
Avoid Contaminated Plants or Soil

36. Soil Temperatures Tarped Soils 111 to 122 115 - Water Molds
120 - Nematodes
140 - Most Fungi
150 - Most Soil Insects
160 - Most Viruses and Bacteria
170 - Most Weed Seeds

37. Ornamentals Site Preparation Treat Soil Replace Infested Soil
Fumigation
Soil Solarazition
Replace Infested Soil
Root Barriers

38. Ornamentals Nematode-Free Stock Well Adapted Plants Resistant Plants
Maintenance
Mulches
Other Pests
Chemical Control

39. Turf Biological Controls Resistant Plants Chemical Control
Fumigation Before Planting

40. Resistance Bahiagrasses - Tolerant of Most
Centipedegrasses - Ring, Sting, Sheath
St. Augustinegrasses -Sting, Lance
Bermudagrasses - Sting, Lance, Stubby
Zoysiagrasses - Most nematodes

41. Basimid Granular Use Compost Piles Potting Soils
Seed and Propagation Beds
Soil Media
Establishing Turf and Ornamental Sites
Not for Use in Vegetable Gardens
READ THE LABEL, IT IS THE LAW

42. Questions