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Cycles of Matter
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Cycles of Matter Water Cycle Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
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Energy flows one way Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems
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Biogeochemical Cycles
Biological systems do not use up matter They transform it Nutrients: all the chemical substances required to live are recycled through biogeochemical cycles
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Water Cycle All living things need water
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Evaporation: liquid atmospheric gas
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Transpiration: “evaporation” of water from plant leaves
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Condensation: water vapor in the air is changed to “liquid” water (cloud formation)
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Precipitation: water released from clouds (rain, sleet, hail, snow)
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Oxygen Cycle
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Oxygen Cycle
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Oxygen Cycle
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Carbon Cycle
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Carbon Cycle Biological Processes
Photosynthesis
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Carbon Cycle Biological Processes
Animal Respiration
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Carbon Cycle Biological Processes
Decomposition of Plants & Animals
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Carbon Cycle Geochemical Processes
Release of CO2 gas by volcanoes
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Carbon Cycle Mixed Biogeochemical
Fossil fuels (burial of Carbon rich remains & their conversion to coal & petroleum)
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Carbon Cycle Human Activity
Burning Fossil Fuels Deforestation
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Carbon Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is needed to make amino acids
N2 = 78% of earth’s atmosphere
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Fixation
Converts N2 NH3 (ammonia) (certain bacteria do this) Other bacteria (in soil or legume roots) convert NH3 (ammonia) into NO (nitrate ions) or NO2 – (nitrite ions)
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Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is found in waste produced by many living things
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Nitrogen Cycle Also found in dead/decaying matter
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Nitrogen Cycle Found in fresh and salt water
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Nitrogen Cycle Used in plant fertilizers
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Nitrogen Cycle Decomposers break down decaying matter into ammonia (can be taken up by producers) Other soil bacteria convert nitrates into N2 gas in process called “denitrification”
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus: important part of DNA/RNA
Uncommon in the biosphere
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Phosphorus Cycle Found mostly in rock, soil, ocean sediments
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Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus does not enter atmosphere
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Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus does not enter atmosphere
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Phosphorus Cycle
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Cycles of Matter Water Cycle Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
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