1. The Hispanic Southwest
Essential Questions:
How did life change for many Mexicans living in the northern territories after gaining independence form Spain?
How did American influence increase after Mexican Independence?
Do Now:
Pg. 188 – Critical thinking question and DBQ question
Pg. 189 – DBQ Question
Homework:
Lesson 3 Independence for Texas pg. 190

2. Mexican Independence and the Borderlands
After Mexico won its independence from Spain, it struggled to maintain a stable government and neglected the northern borderlands.
The religious missions that controlled vast areas of land were transferred by the Mexican government to private ownership.
Secularization in California created a society dominated by the elite class of ranchers followed by mestizos, and at the bottom of society, Native Americans.
In New Mexico, the Pueblo people and Hispanics launched a rebellion against the Mexican government.

3. Americans Arrive in the Borderlands
Trade greatly increased once Mexico was no longer part of Spain’s empire with traders from the United States, Russia, and other countries arriving in California ports.
The American population increased in New Mexico with the opening of the Santa Fe Trail, which established a trade route between Santa Fe and Independence, Missouri.
The decision by Spain and later Mexico to invite Americans to settle in Texas led ultimately to a revolt against Mexican rule and independence for Texas.

4. Independence for Texas

5. Rising Tensions
Anglo Americans in Texas had closer ties to America than Mexico
Spoke English, not Spanish
Anglos didn’t want to be Catholic

6. Actions of Mexican Government opposed by Anglo Americans
Rising Tensions
Actions of Mexican Government opposed by Anglo Americans
1829 –abolish slavery
1830 – ended American settlements
1830 – raised tariff on American Goods

7. Battle of Gonzales
Santa Anna sent troops to collect taxes and take a cannon from Texans
Texans refused to give up the cannon
Texans drove out Mexican troops and declared independence in 1836
Gonzales Cannon:
Come And Take it Flag:

8. 6,000 Mexicans against 183 Texans
Santa Anna Attacks Alamo Feb

9. Alamo
“I shall never surrender nor retreat!”

10. William Travis
Sam Houston
Jim Bowie
“Remember the Alamo” becomes rallying cry for US to never give up regardless of odds
Davy Crockett

11. Texas Revolution Goliad Santa Anna defeats Texans at Goliad
Executes all who surrender
Inspires more support for revolution
Goliad Flag:
Goliad Battle Flag

12. Battle of San Jacinto Samuel Houston attacked and defeated Santa Ana
Texas Wins Independence

13. Texans wanted to be annexed by US
Republic of Texas map:
Lone Star Republic
Texans wanted to be annexed by US

14. Gag Rule
1836 – House of Representatives refused to discuss any new petitions against slavery (repealed in 1844)
Southerners did everything possible to stop abolitionism in South

15. John Tyler’s Presidency
Became President when William Henry Harrison died in 1841
Favored annexing Texas
Wanted land for expansion
Feared Texas allying with England or France
Failed because northerners did not want more slave territory

16. Election of 1844 James Polk (D)
Dark horse candidate (not nationally known)
wanted to annex Texas
Increase slave territory
Wanted to annex Oregon
Increased free territory
Would extend US to Pacific

17. Texas Annexation Tyler annexes Texas once Polk wins Presidency
After Polk takes office, he annexes Oregon

18. Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny
Belief that God wanted the United States to expand border to the Pacific
Natural borders of the United States are the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Manifest Destiny

19. “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”
Polk claimed territory north to Alaska border
Polk agreed to compromise with Britain to avoid a war
Already was fighting Mexico over Texas