1. D. Y. Patil Collage of Engg & Tech.
HYDRO
ELECTRIC
POWER plant
Presented by
Akshaykumar c. khapane
D. Y. Patil Collage of Engg & Tech.
SE - PRODUCTION

2. INDEX Introduction History Types Principle Simple view Block diagram
Different dam
Advantage & disadvantage
References

3. INTRODUCTION HYDRO POWER akshaykhapane@gmail.com
1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower
2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower
3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for unlimited time to come

4. HISTORY akshaykhapane@gmail.com
- In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water
- Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power
- The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights
- Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a vast quantity of electricity
- The largest and last masonry dam built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation was the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona between ; its power output has increased from 4,500 kW to 36,000 kW

5. TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Water wheels
2) Hydro power plants
3) Wave energy from oceans
4) Tidal energy
5) Damless hydro power
Based on Quantity of Water Available
1) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
2) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
3) Reservoir hydroelectric power plants

6. Based on the Nature of Load
Based on the Head of Water Available
1) Low head hydroelectric power plants
2)Medium head hydroelectric power plants
3) High head hydroelectric power plants
Based on the Nature of Load
1) Base load hydroelectric power plants
2) Peak load hydroelectric power plants

7. CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT WATER CYCLE
The continuous cycle in which water changes from water
vapor in the atmosphere to liquid water through condensation
and precipitation and then back to water vapor through
evaporation, transpiration, and respiration
VAPORATION  PRECIPITION  RAIN
Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy
PROCESS / STAGES
1) Water in reservoir
2) Fall in turbine blade
3) Shaft rotation
4) Electric generation
5) Flow back of water
Water cycle in the hydraulic power plant

8. A SIMPLE OVER VIEW

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM TRANSFORMER PENSTOCK DAM TURBINE RESEVOIR INTAKE
POWER HOUSE
PENSTOCK
DAM
TURBINE
GENERATOR
RESEVOIR
INTAKE
POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER

10. Storage dams akshaykhapane@gmail.com
To impound water used for Irrigation
Flood control
Power generation

11. COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Dam
What is dam
Location
Classification of dams
Storage dams
Dam structure and design
Diversion dams
Detention dams
Overflow dams
Rockfill dams
Gravity dams
Gravity dam

12. DAM akshaykhapane@gmail.com
The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine. The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the generator, making electricity.

13. TYPES F DAMS ON THE HEAD LEVEL
Low head hydroelectric power plants (>30 m)
Medium head hydroelectric power plants ( 30 m to 300 m)
High head hydroelectric power plants (more than 300 m , up to 1000m )

14. 2) Water reservoir akshaykhapane@gmail.com 3) Intake or control gates
Height of water
Place behind the dam
2) Water reservoir
Potential energy
3) Intake or control gates
Gates inside of the dam.
Inlet gates
4) The penstock
To carries the water
Controlled by the control gates
5) Water turbines
Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy
6) Generators
Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL energy

15. akshaykhapane@gmail.com 7) Transformer 8) Tailrace
Two coils: the supply coil and the outlet coil.
7) Transformer
Converts the alternating current to high voltage current.
Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V.
Numbers of turns in outlet coil are double of supply coil, the voltage produced is also double.
8) Tailrace
Pipeline to drain the water
The potential energy of water in the tailrace has been used to generate electricity

16. INTAKE
A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing a negative impact on the local environment.

17. PENSTOCK conveying water from the intake to the power house.
Of concrete in low heads
Of steel iis suitable for all heads

18. TRASH RACK cleaning machine, which removes debris from water
In order to save water ways and electromechanical equipment from any damage.
Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and space about 1“ apart
A head gate or valve should be installed below the trash rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be inspected and repaired.

20. CASE STUDY OF “HIRAKUND DAM”
Built across the Mahanadi river
about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India.
Built in 1956
Length is about (26 km)
It was the first major multipurpose river valley project started after India's independence.
SALIENT FEATURES
(A)            HYDROLOGICAL :-
(a) Catchment Sq. Kms (32200 sq miles)
(b) Rain fall(mm) - Original Revised
HISTORY
Top dam level R.L M. (R.L.642 ft.)
Dead storage level R.L M (R.L 590 Ft)
N: Installed Capicity = MW 

21. Different dam

22. Aldeadávila Dam (in Spain)

23. Guri Dam (in Venezuela)

24. Hoover Dam (between the U.S. States of Arizona and Nevada)

25. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
HYDRO POWER PLANT
Advantages
1) No fuel required
2) Cost of electricity is constant
3) No air-pollution is created
4) Long life
5) Cost of generation of electricity
6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads
7) Irrigation of farms
8) Water sports and gardens
9) Prevents floods

26. DISADVANTAGES akshaykhapane@gmail.com
1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems
2) Disruption in the surrounding areas
3) Requires large areas
4) Large scale human displacement
5) Very high capital cost or investment
6) High quality construction
7) Site specific
8) Effects on environment
9) Safety of the dams

27. Thank you!