1. Bellwork Describe the Missouri Compromise.
What role did the industrial revolution and westward expansion play in sectionalism?
What were the economic differences between the North and the South?
What is the significance of the Dred Scott decision?
Name 3 abolitionists and explain what role they played in the abolitionist movement.
Why did the election of 1860 lead the session of the southern states?

2. Major Events of the Civil War

3. Changes in Technology Ironclads
It was a steam-propelled warship of the later 19th century, protected by iron or steel armor plates.
During the war, most of the Navy remained with the Union. Ironclads were the future of naval warfare. Wooden ships were obsolete because of new exploding artillery shells.
The most famous point in the war for ironclads occurred at the Battle of Hampton Roads. The USS Monitor (Union) battled the CSS Virginia also called the Merrimack (Confederacy). They fought to a draw with neither side being able to defeat the other.

4. Changes in Technology Rifled Musket
During the mid-19th century, the use of the rifled musket dramatically changed how the war was conducted.
How? Its range could be accurate up to 500 yards. Tactics had to be changed as a result of this new weapon.
This musket was not smoothbore but rather rifled which gave it better accuracy.

5. Changes in Technology Medicine
Doctors at the time did not understand infection or keeping their utensils sterile.
Twice as many men died of disease than of gunshot wounds in the Civil War.
Amputations was the main surgery performed. Due to the enormous number of wounded, the Civil War Surgeons became proficient at performing amputations.  In many cases the amputation would be performed in 10 minutes.
Embalming became a new procedure practiced.

6. Importance of Resources
The North was industrialized and had no problem making the tools for war and having the proper funds to run the war.
The South was not industrialized and relied on the export of their cotton to make money.
With the Union blockade of the Eastern coastline and up the Mississippi River, the South did not have the capital ($) needed for war.

7. Major Battles 1st Battle of Bull Run (July of 1861)
General McDowell
Major Battles
1st Battle of Bull Run (July of 1861)
This was the first major battle of the war.
The South routed the North who were expecting a quick victory and were forced to retreat back to D.C.
Some argue that the South should have followed the retreating army back to D.C. and captured Washington.
P.T. Beauregard was given the credit for the Southern victory although Stonewall Jackson was the strategist behind it.
General McDowell took the blame for the Union after the defeat & General McClellan took his spot.
Casualties:
North: 460 killed, 1100 injured, 1100 missing/captured
South: 387 killed, 1,582 wounded, and 13 missing
P.T. Beauregard

8. Major Battles Shiloh (April 1862)
Was a 2 day battle and a Union victory, however it was costly.
It was fought in southwestern Tennessee.
The South launched a surprise attacked that nearly worked. P.T. Beauregard and Johnston were the southern generals and Grant was in charge of the North. This was fought in the western theatre of the war.
Johnston was killed in this battle.
Casualties:
North: 1,754 killed, 8,408 wounded, & 2,885 missing
South: 1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing
General Johnston

9. Major Battles Antietam (Sept. 1862)
It was the bloodiest of battle of the Civil War. 23,000 soldiers were killed in one day.
It was fought on Northern soil in Maryland. Lee took his army into Maryland after a victory at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run. He wanted to seek new supplies and recruits.
General Lee positioned behind Antietam creek was attacked by General McClellan.
Several assaults were made by the North but each time were turned away.
The following day, a truce was made and Lee’s army began to withdraw back to Virginia.
Burnside’s Bridge

10. Major Battles Vicksburg (May-July 1863)
General Grant in this battle crossed the Mississippi River and drove the South back into the fortress city of Vicksburg.
A 2 month siege followed until the South surrendered and gave up control of the Mississippi to the North.

11. Major Battles Gettysburg
This battle was fought in Pennsylvania & was the major turning point of the Civil War for the South.
This battle pitted General Lee’s Army of Virginia vs General Meade’s Army of the Potomac.
Lee ordered an assault on the center of the Union’s line after 2 days of trying to outflank the North had failed. Cemetery Ridge was that point. Major General Pickett ordered the attack (Pickett’s charge)
The South never fully recovered after this.
There were between thousand casualties during this 3 day battle.

12. Major Events Sherman’s March to the Sea
This march took place at the end of 1864.
The march started in Atlanta, Georgia & stopped at the port town of Savannah, Georgia
Sherman felt that the Civil War would end only if the Confederacy's strategic, economic, and psychological capacity for warfare were decisively broken.
Sherman therefore applied the principles of scorched earth, ordering his troops to burn crops, kill livestock, consume supplies, and destroy civilian infrastructure along their path.
This policy is often also referred to as total war.

13. Major Events Appomattox
General Lee determined to make one last attempt to escape the closing Union army and get re-supplied in a nearby town.
However, the Union was able to surround 3 of Lee’s sides and he was forced to surrender.
He surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865.
His Farewell: