1. Chapter 8 GPQ: Mario, Lytria 8-1
1.Drought is the prolonged period in which precipitation is at least ____% lower and evaporation is larger than normal.

2. Name 2 of 3 Major River Basins in the Middle East2. A. B.

3. Fresh water resources in the U.S
3. Much freshwater in the U.S is contaminated by _______ and _______ practices.

4. Water shortages
4. _/_ lacked regular access to clean drinking water.

5. Fresh water is irreplaceable
5. The hydrologic cycle is responsible for____
Collecting water
Purifying water
Recycling water
Distributing water
All of these

6. 6. ___ billion did not have access to basic sanitation.

7. Water found in the spaces in soil, gravel, and rock is called?
7.________

8. 8-2 How to increase water supply
8. What are the three largest grain producers?
A. India, China, U.S
B. India, Mexico, Pakistan
C. U.S, China, Mexico
D. Saudi Arabia, U.S, India

9. Dams
9. Main purpose of a dam and reservoir system are to ____ , ______ and _______ it as needed to control floods, to generate electricity and to supply water for irrigation and towns and cities.

10. Dams 10. Large dams and reservoirs
A. reduce danger of flooding upstream
B. inexpensive to build
C. can’t be used for recreation
D. can be used to provide electric power

11. How to increase water supply
11. The disastrous affects of a large scale water transfer project was demonstrated in which body of water_______

12. 13. 12. 14. Unconfined Aquifer Recharge Area
Evaporation and transpiration
Evaporation
13.
Precipitation
Confined Recharge Area
Runoff
12.
Flowing artesian well
Well requiring a pump
Stream
Figure 13.3
Natural capital: groundwater system. An unconfined aquifer is an aquifer with a permeable water table. A confined aquifer is bounded above and below by less permeable beds of rock, and its water is confined under pressure. Some aquifers are replenished by precipitation; others are not.
Water table
Infiltration
Lake
14.
Infiltration
Unconfined aquifer
Less permeable material such as clay
Confined aquifer
Confining impermeable rock layer
Fig. 13-3, p. 316

13. 8-3
15. Drip or trickle irrigation is also called _______.

14. 16. The capital cost of a new type of drip irrigation is 1/10as much as conventional drip system?
True or False

15. 17. Clearing land will increase the lands water retention
True or False

16. 18. Conserving water
A. Reduces the burden on wastewater treatment plants
B. reduces the need for dams
C. saves money and energy
D. decreases pollution of surface water
E. all of these

17. 19. A ______ is a flat tract of land bordering a river, mainly in
it’s lower reaches, and is formed by the water’s flow
downstream.

18. 20.
Removing water meters in homes and business can decrease water waste
True or False

19. 21.
______ is the most practical irrigation method

20. 8-4
22.
What is it called when normal channels spills into the adjacent area???________

21. 23.
Flooding is caused mostly by ______

22. 24. Which of the following human activities contribute to flooding
A. Urbanization
B. Deforestation
C. Overgrazing
D. Draining wetlands
E. All of the above

23. 25. 26. Forested Hillside Oxygen released by vegetation
Diverse ecological habitat
Evapotranspiration
25.
Trees reduce soil erosion from heavy rain and wind
Agricultural land
26.
Figure 13.25
Natural capital degradation: hillside before and after deforestation. Once a hillside has been deforested for timber, fuelwood, livestock grazing, or unsustainable farming, water from precipitation rushes down the denuded slopes, erodes precious topsoil, and can increase flooding and pollution in local streams. Such deforestation can also increase landslides and mudflows. A 3,000-year-old Chinese proverb says, “To protect your rivers, protect your mountains.” See an animation based on this figure at CengageNOW. Question: How might a drought in this area make these effects even worse?
Tree roots stabilize soil
Vegetation releases water slowly and reduces flooding
Forested Hillside
Fig a, p. 339

24. 8-5 27. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?
Offshore oil well
Livestock feedlot
Urban land
Logged forest

25. 28. Logged forest is a nonpoint source of water pollution
True or False

26. 29.
_________ are diluted sources of pollution that are difficult to trace and diagnose and even more difficult to clean

27. 30.Ground water can readily purify itself of wastes and contaminants
True or False

28. 8-6 31. Heat, organic wastes, and inorganic plant nutrients
may deplete dissolved ________ from water
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Minerals
Hydrogen

29. 32.
________ is the name for the natural process of nutrient enrichment of a water body
A. Eutrophication
B. Flow
C. Yo Mama
D. Watering your lawn

30. 33.
In the 1970’s ____ ______ control laws was enacted.

31. 34.
True or False
In rivers, the oxygen content increases as the water’s
temp. rises

32. 8-7.
35.
The drinking water for about half of the U.S population and 95% of those in rural areas comes from ________.

33. 36. Ground water can be contaminated from a build up
of natural wildlife secretion
True or False

34. 37.
The most effective and cheapest methods of protecting ground water is to use methods to prevent contamination
True or False

35. 38.
Groundwater provides _____% of the counties drinking water.

36. 8-8
39. Deep ocean trenches is the least polluted from ocean dumping and coastal development.
True or False

37. 40.
Recovery from exposure to crude oil takes much longer than recovery from exposure to refined oil.
True or False

38. 41. Scientists estimate that current cleanup methods can recover no more than __% of the oil from a major spill.

39. 8-9
42. The Federal _____ ________ ______ act of 1972.

40. 43. The system most commonly used in many developed nations to treat raw sewage on personal property is
A. living machines
B. composite
C. primary treatment
D. septic tanks

41. 44. _______ _______ treatment is the physical process that uses screens and a grit tank to remove large floating objects.

42. 45.Most effective and least costly means of dealing with water pollution is ________.

43. Extra credit
The life straw is ______ ______ ______ device.