1. Exploration & Exchange

2. FREE WRITE (in your notebook):
Under what circumstances should people challenge their religious leaders?

3. The Protestant Reformation
( )

4. DEFINITION
The Protestant Reformation was a major split within Western Christianity.
After the Reformation, the Christian church breaks into 2 parts.

5. Outline of our Lesson: Reformation key concepts
The Problems with the Church
Three main problems
A Unique Time
Three reasons it happened when it did
Martin Luther: The man who started a revolution
The Catholic Response
Results

6. Part 1: The Reformation Key Concepts
Attack on the Christian church
Beginning of Protestant Christian tradition
Christian church divides in two – end of religious unity in the West

7. The Christian Church divides in two:
CATHOLIC CHURCH
CATHOLIC CHURCH
REFORMATION
ISM
PROTESTANTISM (AKA “Christianity”)

8. PART 2: The Church’s Problems
Greed
Indulgences
Corruption

9. 1. Greed Charges of greed Church was making lots of $$ from tithes
Gathering more land from wars
Acting more like a power-hungry country than a sacred institution

10. 2. Indulgences Sale of indulgences
These were pardons for sins – people would get out of repenting
Gave people the impression they could buy their way into heaven

11. 3. Corruption Corruption of church officials and pope
Priests frequently married, drank too much or gambled
Pope Alexander VI admitted that he fathered several children

12. Mini Quiz You will discuss the question quietly with your partner
Then 1 of you will text in your answer

18. Part 3: A Unique Time Why did the Reformation happen when it did?
Cultural reasons
Technological reasons
Spiritual reasons

19. A. Cultural Better educated, urban population
Kings were growing impatient with the power of the Church
Society was more humanistic and secular

20. B. Technology: The Printing Press
1450: Gutenberg invents printing press
Helped spread ideas before Catholics could squash them
Intensified criticism of the Church

21. C. Spiritual
Growing interest in mysticism and religious zeal among European masses
Call for a return to the simplicity of the early Church

22. Part 4: Martin Luther
Parents wanted him to be a lawyer, became a monk instead
He becomes upset by the sale of indulgences and other corruptions in the Church

23. 95 Theses
Luther writes a document called “The 95 Theses” – 95 statements about things that were wrong with the church
Posts his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517

24. Luther’s Statements
Luther attacks the Pope and idea of excommunication
Also attacks indulgences

25. Luther’s Key Ideas
Popes should not have the exclusive right to interpret the Bible & they could make mistakes
Everyone should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves
People could win salvation only by faith in God (not “good works” or $)
All people of faith are equal (people don’t need priests to interpret the bible for them)

27. The 95 Theses Spread Someone copied them down and printed them
His ideas spread like wildfire

28. How do you think the Church will respond?
Free Write
How do you think the Church will respond?

29. Part 5: Catholic Response
Angered Pope Leo X
He ordered Martin Luther to be examined at Augsburg

30. AugsbUrg
There, in 1518, Luther said that he did not consider the papacy (the pope) part of the biblical church
The meeting becomes a shouting match
Luther escaped from the city at night

31. Pope Threatens Luther
In 1520, the Pope issues an edict (statement) saying that Martin Luther risked excommunication unless he recanted 41 sentences of the 95 Theses
Luther burned the edict publically
Leo excommunicated Luther

32. Church Actions Church bans the 95 Theses
Orders Luther to come speak at the Diet of Worms (religious council)

33. Diet of Worms
Martin Luther is forced to come speak about the 95 Theses
Declare whether the books were his and if he still stood by them
Luther declared that he did:
“I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me.”

34. Protestantism
As Luther fought with the church, his ideas spread like wildfire
Ultimately this leads to the creation of a new branch of Christianity:
Protestantism

35. Exploration & Exchange

44. Part 6: Results of the Reformation
Germany was politically weakened & fragmented
Christian Church splintered in the West
100 Years of Religious Warfare
Pope’s power increased
Furthered societal individualism & secularism

45. Results of Reformation (cont.)
Growing doubt & religious skepticism
Political stability valued over religious truth
Witch craze swept Europe in the 1600’s
Between , 3000 people in Germany, 9000 people in Switzerland and 1000 people in England were executed as witches