1. Covalent Bonds
Packet #16

2. Covalent Bonds I A bond in which electrons are shared.
Resulting in an compound more stable than the individual atoms
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3. Remember…

4. Bond Polarity & Chemical Bonds
Bond Polarity is due to differences in electro-negativity
Bond polarity can predict the polarity of a bond
∆EN < 0.4 = non-polar covalent
∆EN between 0.4 and 2.0 = polar covalent
∆EN > 2.0 = ionic
δ used to indicate partial charges
Dipole movement is the measure of a molecule’s overall polarity
μ = Q (charge) * r (distance)
More details to come in Organic Chemistry

5. Types of Covalent Bonds
Single Bond
A covalent bond in which a single pair of electron is shared between bonded atoms.
Two electrons are shared
Provides an angle of 109.5˚
Double Bond
Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms
Four electrons are shared
Provides an angle of 120˚
Triple Bond
Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms
Six electrons are shared
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6. Types of Covalent Bonds II
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7. Types of Covalent Bonds III
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8. Molecules/Compounds Containing Covalent Bonds

9. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Molecules
Indicates that there are ONLY single bonds
Unsaturated Molecules
Indicates that double, or triple bonds, are present.
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10. Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Unsaturated molecules allow the formation of kinks.
Kinks prevent fat molecules from sticking together.
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11. Review