1. Evaluation and Treatment of Low Back Pain
W. Michael Hooten, MD, Steven P. Cohen, MD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 90, Issue 12, Pages (December 2015)
DOI: /j.mayocp
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2. Figure 1 Intervertebral disc structure.
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3. Figure 2
A, Lateral view of the potential effects of disc bulging and degenerative changes on spinal nerve roots. B, Axial view of a ruptured lumbar intervertebral disc.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
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4. Figure 3
Anatomy and innervation of the lumbar facet joint. Also depicted are bilateral fractures of the pars interarticularis (pars defect) and an osteoarthritic facet joint.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
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5. Figure 4
Cross-sectional view of the lumbar spine, depicting ligamentous structures.
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6. Figure 5 Muscle groups that contribute to lumbar spine function.
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7. Figure 6
Summary of clinical and anatomical characteristics of axial LBP and radicular pain. EBM = evidence-based medicine; LBP = low back pain.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( /j.mayocp )
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