1. Climate Dynamics 11:670:461 Alan Robock robock@envsci.rutgers.edu
Lecture 9, 10/3/13
Climate Dynamics 11:670:461
Alan Robock
Department of Environmental Sciences
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

2. Fig. 5.3

3. Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2)
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

4. Global, annual average heat balance (W/m2)
Fig. 5.4

5. Planetary albedo (a) is the average reflectivity of the Earth = 102/341 = 0.30
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

6. Total = 341 W m‑2 – (239 + 102) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2
Outer Space:
Total = 341 W m‑2 – ( ) W m‑2 = 0 W m‑2
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

7. Total = 341.3 W m‑2 – (238.5 + 101.9) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2
Outer Space:
Total = W m‑2 – ( ) W m‑2 = -0.9 W m‑2
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

8. Total = (78 + 17 + 80 + 374) W m‑2 - (187 + 30 + 333) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2
Atmosphere:
Total = ( ) W m‑2 - ( ) W m‑2 = -1 W m‑2
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

9. Total = (161 + 333) W m‑2 - (17 + 80 + 396) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2
Surface:
Total = ( ) W m‑2 - ( ) W m‑2 = 1 W m‑2
T = 255 K
T = 288 K
Greenhouse effect
Climatological annual mean energy budget for 2000–2005 (W/m2). (Trenberth & Fasullo, 2011)

10. Annual average incident solar radiation (W/m2)
Annual average absorbed solar radiation
at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.5

11. Planetary albedo (%)
Fig. 5.6

12. Dependence of water albedo on solar zenith angle, θZ
Fig. 5.7

13. Annual mean outgoing longwave radiation (W/m2)
Fig. 5.8

14. Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.9

15. Net radiation at top of atmosphere (W/m2)
Fig. 5.9

16. Solar radiation absorbed at surface, SABS (W/m2)
Fig. 5.10

17. Outgoing longwave radiation at surface, esT4 (W/m2)
Fig. 5.11a

18. Downward back radiation at surface, FBACK (W/m2)
Fig. 5.11b

19. Sensible heat flux at surface, HS (W/m2)
Fig. 5.12a

20. Latent heat flux at surface, HL (W/m2)
Fig. 5.12b

21. Horizontal and vertical heat fluxes at surface, FH + FV (W/m2)
Fig. 5.13

22. A thermally direct circulation
Fig. 7.1

23. Annual mean, zonal mean meridional (m/s) and vertical velocities (interval 5 x 10-3 Pa/s)
Fig. 7.2

24. Zonal mean stream function (x 1010 kg/s), positive is clockwise.
Fig. 7.3

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