1. ‘Renfield holds no real significance in the novel’
Mindmap – refer to relevant moments in the novel. Any quotations you can remember?

2. Psychoanalysis

4. Parts of psychoanalysis…
Sigmund Freud
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Believed people could be cured if they became conscious of their unconsciousness.
Aim of psychoanalysis is to release repressed emotions and experiences.
Almost cathartic experiences.
Immediate satisfaction.
Realistic ways to satisfy Id’s demands.
Controls impulses. High sense of morals. What is right and wrong.
Freuds theory work was published around the same time as Dracula was published…
Dracula written in 1897
- Victorians were fascinated by mental illnesses.
Parts of psychoanalysis…
Dream analysis
Freudian slip
Free association

5. Dracula and Psychoanalysis
Based on what you understand of psychanalysis, which sections of the novel would you go to in order to explore the concept?
'In common with almost all respectable Victorian novelists, Stoker avoids any overt treatment of the sexuality of his 'living' characters [who] are, both the men and the women, models of chastity. ... The sexual elements that presumably exist in their relationships are never revealed, much less discussed. However what is rejected or repressed on a conscious level appears in a covert and perverted form through the novel, the apparatus of the vampire superstition, described in almost obsess- anal detail in Dracula, providing the means for a symbolic presentation of human sexual relationships.'
Christopher Bentley, 'Sexual Symbolism in Dracula', 1972 (p. 26)
AGREE or DISAGREE?
Consider the things that have been said about Renfield at the start of the lesson.

6. 'In common with almost all respectable Victorian novelists, Stoker avoids any overt treatment of the sexuality of his 'living' characters [who] are, both the men and the women, models of chastity. ... The sexual elements that presumably exist in their relationships are never revealed, much less discussed. However what is rejected or repressed on a conscious level appears in a covert and perverted form through the novel, the apparatus of the vampire superstition, described in almost obsess-anal detail in Dracula, providing the means for a symbolic presentation of human sexual relationships.' Christopher Bentley, 'Sexual Symbolism in Dracula', 1972 (p. 26)
Adjust and apply to sections…