1. KULIAH XI
PERSONALITY

2. Personality Theories Galen  ancient Greek theory
Choleric : bad-tempered and irritable
Melancholic : gloomy and pessimistic
Phlegmatic : sluggish, calm, unexcitable
Sanguine : cheerful, passionate

3. Cattell : 16 Personality Factors
Cool – Warm
Concrete thinking - Abstract thinking
Affected by feelings – Emotionally stable
Submissive – Dominant
Sober – Enthusiastic
Expedient (practical) – Conscientious (perfectionist)
Shy – Bold
Tough minded – Tender minded

4. Cattel : 16 Personality Factors (continued)
Trusting – Suspicious
Practical – Imaginative
Forthright (lugu) – Shrewd (licik)
Self assured – Apprehensive
Conservative – Experimenting
Group oriented – Self sufficient
Undisciplined – Controlled
Relaxed - Tense

5. Eysenck : 3 Personality Factors
Extraversion vs Introversion
Neuroticism vs Emotional Stability
Psychoticism vs Self Control
Extraversion : outgoing, high level of activity
Introversion : avoids crowds, solitary activity
Neuroticism : anxiety, worry, guilt
Emotional Stability : relaxed, at peace with self
Psychoticism : aggressive, egocentric, antisocial
Self-control : kind, considerate, obedient of rules and laws

6. Galen and Eysenck Combination
Choleric : Extravert + Unstable :
Touchy, restless, aggressive, excitable, changeable, impulsive, optimistic, active
Melancholic : Introvert + Unstable :
Moody, anxious, rigid, sober, pessimistic, reserved, unsociable, quiet.
Sanguine : Extravert + Stable :
Sociable, outgoing, talkative, responsive easygoing, lively, carefree, leadership
Phlegmatic : Introvert + Stable :
Passive, careful, thoughtful, peaceful, controlled, reliable, even tempered, calm

7. PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY
Sigmund Freud :
Id : Unconscious energy of psychic instincts  pleasure principle
Ego : The self, controls and integrates behavior to demand of reality  reality principle.
Superego : The conscience, the internalization of norms and values of society.

8. Defense Mechanisms The Ego contains defense mechanisms when id conflicts with superego. Triggering factor : anxiety
Repression : feeling, idea or memory is prevented from consciousness. Contoh: tidak tahu mengapa tidak suka ke laut.
Reaction Formation: replacing a threat with its opposite. Contoh : pernah narkoba menjadi aktivis gerakan narkoba.
Projection : denial of desires and finding them in others. Contoh : Gagal bertanding, yang disalahkan orang lain
Sublimation : diversion of energy from unacceptable drive to acceptable one. Contoh : Senang berantam, disalurkan dalam sport tinju.
Rationalization : inventing acceptable reason for a less acceptable reason of behavior. Contoh : saya merokok karena kasihan pada yang punya warung, supaya laku.
Conversion : outlet for psychic conflict in form of physical symptom. Contoh : takut ujian, jadi benar-benar sakit.

9. Influences on Personality
Heredity : genes
Biological : brain, nervous system
Behavior : stimulus – response
Social learning theory : reward, punishment

10. Humanistic approach to Personality
Abraham Maslow : Needs are universal  human behavior  holistic.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs :
Physiological/biological needs
Safety needs
Social needs : belonging and love needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs

11. Assignment
Give examples of defense mechanisms among the people you know.
Give your views and analysis.