1. By Mrs. Danza Sigma Science
States of Matter By
Mrs. Danza
Sigma Science

2. What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
“Everything is made of matter.”

3. Energy and the 4 States of Matter Video

4. What are the 4 states of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

5. How do we know if it is a SOLID?
Definite shape.
Definite volume.
Particles “vibrate” due to a strong attraction. (Molecular Motion)

6. How do we know if it is a LIQUID?
Definite volume.
Takes the shape of its container.
Particles can “slide” past one another because the attraction is not as strong. (Molecular Motion)

7. How do we know if it is a GAS?
No definite shape.
No definite volume.
Particles “bounce” around each other because there is MUCH LESS attraction. (Molecular Motion)

8. How do we know if it is PLASMA?
It has the same properties as a gas, but it is “highly energized”.
Particles “bounce” EXTREMELY FAST.
Ionized Gas.

9. Plasma Video

10. Gas Laws- Boyles Law
The more pressure put on a gas, the less volume (or space) it can fill.
“Squish “ a balloon. The
gas doesn’t escape, it just
has less room to move
around.

11. Gas Laws- Charles Law
The higher the temperature, the more volume (or space) the gas can fill.
In a warm car, a balloon filled with helium gas will expand (fill) the balloon and rise because the particles are energized by the heat and move around quickly.
If you put that same balloon by an air conditioning vent that blows cold air, the balloon will shrink because the particles are slowing down.

12. Changes of State
The change of a substance from one physical state to another.
Melting
Freezing
Evaporation
Boiling
Condensation
Sublimation

13. Endothermic Change
Energy is gained by the substance as it is changing state. (Endo= in, Thermic=heat)
Melting- adds heat- from solid to liquid
Evaporation – adds heat- from a liquid to a gas
Boiling- adds heat- from a liquid to a gas
Sublimation- adds heat- from a solid to a gas (dry ice)

14. Exothermic Change
When energy is removed (exits) the substance during a change of state.
Freezing- loses heat- from liquid to solid.
Condensation- loses heat- from gas to liquid.