1. Water and Solutions

2. Water Its properties enable life to exist!
Heats up slowly and cools slowly
Prevents organisms from changing temperature rapidly
Allows a lot of heat to be taken away from the body during sweating
Moderates temperatures under water and near large lakes and oceans
Capillary Action – allows water to reach the tops of trees
Adhesion – water sticks to a polar surface
Cohesion – water molecules stick to each other

3. Mixtures Homogeneous – same throughout
Solutions – particles are evenly distributed in the solvent
No Tyndall Effect
Heterogeneous – different throughout
Colloid – particles do not settle out – Shows the Tyndall effect
Suspensions – particles are a little larger, and will settle out

4. pH – A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration
Acids
pH below 7
Higher concentration of H3O+ (hydronium ions)
The further away from 7 the more acidic
Sour
Bases
pH above 7
Higher concentration of OH- (hydroxide ions)
The further away from 7 the more basic
Also called alkaline
Bitter
* Changing the pH by 1 means that the concentration of H+ has increased or decreased by 10x

5. Buffer Reduces changes in pH
Important in the body, because changes in pH can affect how reactions happen
CO2 mixes with H2O to make carbonic acid (in a process similar ti the one that forms acid rain). Without a buffer your blood would become acidic.