1. Types of Control I. Measurement Control II. Statistical Control
(Reliability and Validity)
II. Statistical Control
(External Validity)
III. Experimental Control
(Internal Validity)

2. Statistical Control - Sampling I The Vocabulary of Sampling
II Types of Samples
III Determining Sample Size

3. Statistical Control - Sampling I. The Vocabulary of Sampling
A. The Universe
(The Theoretical Concept)
B. The Population
(The Indicator Concept)
C. The Sampling Frame
(The Operational Procedure)
D. The Sample
(The Observational Set)

4. Statistical Control - Sampling II. Types of Samples A. Non-Probability
B. Probability

5. Statistical Control - Sampling II. Types of Samples A. Non-Probability
(Good for Exploratory Research)
1. Convenience Sampling
2. Referral Sampling
3. Quota Sampling

6. Statistical Control - Sampling II. Types of Samples B. Probability
(Good for Explanatory Research)
1. Simple Random Sample
2. Systematic Random Sample
3. Stratified Random Sample
4. Cluster or Area Sample

7. Statistical Control - Sampling IV. Sample Size A. Error in Prediction
(Three Components)
A. Error in Prediction
B. Confidence Level
C. Variability in Population

8. Determining Sample Size
Consider the confidence interval
Solving for the sample size N we get If
Then
Observe now the three parentheses that define N: 1) our confidence level (z); 2) the population variance; and 3) the margin of error.