1. Volume 138, Issue 7, Pages 2410-2417 (June 2010)
Rotavirus Infection of Murine Small Intestine Causes Colonic Secretion via Age Restricted Galanin-1 Receptor Expression 
Scott J. Hempson, Kristina Matkowskyj, Ajay Bansal, Ernest Tsao, Iman Habib, Richard Benya, Eric R. Mackow, Robert D. Shaw 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 138, Issue 7, Pages (June 2010)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
RRV antigen in small intestine and colon. Tissue was harvested from 10-day-old RRV-infected C57BL/6 mice 24 hours p.i. Panel A shows that RRV antigen is readily identified in the epithelial cells located on the upper to midportions of small intestinal villi. Panel B shows no detection of viral antigen in identically processed colonic epithelium.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Gal1-R in the small intestine of RRV-infected mice. C57BL/6 pups were infected with RRV at day 9 of age and killed 24 hours p.i. The top panel is a representative image from noninfected mice, whereas the bottom panel is from an RRV-infected pup, age 10 days.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Age-dependent Gal1-R expression and closed loop experiments in the small intestine. Closed small bowel loops were constructed in 8- to 10-day-old C57/BL6 mice 24 hours p.i. Loops were treated with galanin (1 μmol/L), galanin neutralizing Ab (1 mg/mL), lidocaine (50 μL at 10 mg/mL at 0, 8, and 22 hours p.i.), or buffer only. Results are expressed as net fluid content (milligrams per centimeter) at the end of 2 hours (means ± standard error or mean). (A) Gal1-R immunohistochemistry was done in RRV- and sham-infected mice ages 5–25 days. A minimum of 3 separate animals was examined for each time point, and data are presented as means ± standard error of mean. Note the lack of Gal-1R expression at age 25 days. (B) RRV infection increased net fluid content that was further enhanced by intraperitoneal (P < .05) but not intraluminal galanin (n = 8–12 each). (C) Galanin neutralizing Ab reduced the net fluid content of infected loops (P < .01, n = 8 each). (D) Lidocaine treatment significantly reduced the net fluid content of RRV-infected loops (P < .01, n = 6 each).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Gal1-R in the colon of RRV-infected mice (age 10 days). Panels A and C are 2 magnifications of a representative section from a control mouse showing a small amount of staining of Gal1-R. Panels B and D demonstrated the increase in Gal1-R associated with RRV infection. Note also the small vacuoles that are prominent in the epithelial cells from the infected mouse. (Panel C represents a magnification of the dashed box region in panel A. Panel D represents a magnification of the dashed box region in panel B).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Age-dependent Gal1-R expression and closed loop experiments in the colon. Closed colon loops were constructed in 8- to 10-day-old C57/BL6 mice 24 hours p.i. Loops were treated with galanin (1 μmol/L), galanin neutralizing Ab (1 mg/mL), lidocaine (50 μL of 10 mg/mL at 0, 8, and 22 hours p.i.) or buffer only. Results are expressed as net fluid content (milligrams per centimeter) at the end of 2 hours (means ± standard error of mean). (A) Gal1-R immunohistochemistry was done as described in Figure 3. Note that, after age 25 days, Gal1-R expression could not be induced. (B) RRV infection increased net fluid content that was further enhanced by intraperitoneal as well as intraluminal galanin (all P < .05, n = 8–12 each). (C) Galanin neutralizing antibodies reduced the net fluid content of infected loops to a large extent (P < .01, n = 6 each). (D) Lidocaine treatment reduced secretion in the infected colon (P < .01, n = 6 each) and dampened the effect of galanin (1 mmol/L) on secretion (P < .01, n = 8 each).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions