1. Apartheid
Laws enacted in 1948, racial discrimination becomes institutionalized
Race laws touch every aspect of social life
“White only” laws- blacks had to carry passbooks.
Equivalent- Jim Crow laws in the US

4. Homelands Semi-independent areas occupied by blacks
10 Homelands designated in the worse areas of South Africa.
Could not leave homelands without a pass

5. Strict Law Gov’t allowed some to live outside homelands
To work certain jobs
Pass laws
Split families

6. Sharpsville Massacre March 21
*On this date in 1960, police in Sharpeville, near Johannesburg, fired on Black South Africans protesting racially biased pass laws. The protesters suffered 72 deaths and more than 200 injuries in two days of violence

7. Nelson Mandela Arrested in 1962 for opposing the apartheid laws
The African National Congress was a banned organization, he was a part of it
In jail until 1990
Elected first black president in 1994

8. How did apartheid end?
Cost of apartheid for white minority became too great.
Economy stagnant (Boycots)
World trade sanctions