1. Ancient india

2. Pretest for india
Using the chromebooks, complete the pretest for india
Complete the data chart in the pretest area ONLY
Data chart is #2 in your binder
When done with the pretest, you can begin your Title Page for India
Title page is #1 (also complete table of contents so far)

3. Beginning of Indus River Valley
The Indus River Valley Civilization is another phrase used when talking about Anicent India.
This cilvilization started about 2500 B.C.E.
Along the south-western part of the Indus River.
The largest city was Mohenjo-Daro, in present day Pakistan.
Settlements stretched all along the river.

4. Impact of Geography
Natural borders (boarder made of land or water) prevented invasion and disease.
Mountains
Arabian Sea
Water from the river fertilized and irrigated crops.
Proximity to the river allowed boats to move.

5. Agriculture
The development of widespread irrigation systems provided food.
Wheat and barley were primary crops, however rye, peas, cotton, and rice were also grown.
Domestication of animals also served as an important tool for cultivation and as a source of food.

6. Trade The economy depended greatly on trade.
Trade was conducted within the civilization as well as with Mesopotamia.
Advancement in technology led to carts and early boats that were used as the main method of trade and travel.

7. Social Structure- Caste System
Caste system with four main classes
People were born into social classes that could not be changed Brahmins (priests and the king) Kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats - rulers) Vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) Shudras (peasants and serfs)

8. Buildings and Structures
All houses had access to water and were about the same size
Houses had one or two stories
Most buildings were made of dry bricks
No large monuments or structures
Individual buildings for bathing and using the restroom (had an early "sanitation" system)
Citadels were used for defense

9. Tools Weapons Technology
Used Bronze, Copper, Iron
Used Bronze to make
Large Irrigation System
Clay Used for Art and Tools
Not as advance as Mesopotamia
1st to create measurement and weighing equipment
Measuring system and tools for measurement
(1st and most accurrate)
Arrows were crafted
Swords were made
Most technology was used to help agriculture
Because of isolated geography there was no need for advanced weaponry.
Boats and carts were used to help with trade

10. Religion
 Hinduism B.C.E.
 Buddhism 365 B.C.E.

11. Gender Roles Men worked within their designated caste social class
Women were valued because of their ability to produce offspring and nurse
When children were old enough, they adopted their parents' role

12. India vocabulary Complete vocabulary for Ancient India
You must have the words, key words highlighted, and a powerpoint with pictures on Classroom
You can get a chromebook when you have copied down the words in your binder
Item #3 in binder

13. Vocabulary
Subcontinent- a large landmass that is smaller than a continent
Monsoon- a strong wind that brings heavy rain to southern Asia in the summer
Plateau- a flat area of land that is elevated, or raised, above the land around it
Citadel-a fortress built to protect a city
Mohenjodaro-one of the first major settlements in ancient India that became a center of the Indus valley civilization
Indus valley civilization-an early civilization, known for its advanced culture, that developed in the Indus River valley in India
Caste system- a class, or group, in Hindu society
Philosophy- a theory or set of values by which one lives; the search for wisdom and knowledge

14. Ancient india civilization- mohenjodaro
The Indus and the Ganges Rivers flow from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean, bringing water and rich sediment to the river valleys below.
The monsoon winds bring seasons of cool, dry air and warm, moist air to South Asia. The monsoon rains provide most of the subcontinent’s rainfall.
The Indus Valley civilization was well developed. It had agriculture, advanced cities, and a written language. The Indus Valley people also made technological advances, such as improved drainage systems, during this time.
Artifacts and archeological ruins found at two of the civilization’s major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, provide much of the information we have about this time.

15. Moving to mohenjo-daro
You will research Mohenjo-daro by reading 6.1 on Discovery Education (pages 4-6) and take notes in your binder about the positive aspects of living in Mohenjo-daro during this time.
Your table will make an advertisement/billboard to attract people to move to Mohenjo-daro
Randomly pick color paper in pencil box. That will be your assigned job in the project.

16. Social Structure in India
The Hindu Caste System
Social Structure in India

17. How Caste Shapes Society
Definition:
A type of social organization/hierarchy in which a person’s occupation and position in life is determined by the circumstances of his birth.

18. Rigid, hereditary membership into birth caste
How Caste Shapes Society
Rigid, hereditary membership into birth caste
Marriage only among member of same caste
Occupation choices restricted
Personal contact with other castes restricted
Acceptance of fixed place in society

19. Members of a caste rely on each other for support
Caste Systems Benefits
Members of a caste rely on each other for support

20. Caste Systems Benefits
Each caste is born out of Brahma (the creator)
Brahmins—thinkers/knowers
Ksatriya—doers
Vaisya—provide food for the belly
Sudra—do the work

21. How One’s Caste is Determined
Reincarnation A person is born, lives, dies, and is reborn again many times. Souls are reborn many times until they are pure enough to be with the creator, Brahma
Karma
A person’s social position in the next life is determined by his conduct in the present life.

22. How One’s Caste is Determined
Dharma
Code of behavior or set of moral and ethical rules that govern the conduct of each social class. Each group has a different set of rules to live by.
Laws of Manu
Hindu book of sacred law
Rules and restrictions for daily life

23. The Four Castes
Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t own land therefore need other castes to work the land and provide for them
Kshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners)
Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers

24. Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste
The Four Castes
Sudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft workers
Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste
Untouchables – Outcastes, Children of God
Concept of pollution…the most pure at the top (Brahmins) and the most polluted at the bottom (Untouchables)

25. Brahmins - Priests
Purpose is to help people of other castes fulfill their dharma
Perform rituals and observe vows for the sake of others

26. Responsible for leadership of the people
Kshatriyas - Warriors and Rulers
Responsible for leadership of the people
Often rely on advice from Brahmins

27. Shopkeepers who sell products (unlike the Shudra who sell services)
Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants
Shopkeepers who sell products (unlike the Shudra who sell services)

28. Sudras – Unskilled Workers
Each subgroup of this caste performs a specific service.
Jobs include gardeners, potters, and clothes washers

29. Untouchables - The Outcastes
Belong to no caste
Expected to do the “dirty” jobs
Come in contact with animal skins, dead bodies and human feces
Avoid contact with “caste” Indians for fear of “pollution”

30. Nearpod caste system
Nearpod
Take notes- #4 in binder

31. About life in ancient india
Life in Ancient India Notes

32. Gupta accomplishments
numeric system in india

33. Golden Age A time of great prosperity and achievement.
Peaceful times allow people to spend time thinking and being creative.

34. The Rise of the Gupta Empire
The Mauryan Empire fell in B.C.E.
India broke apart in smaller kingdoms.
The smaller kingdoms fought for years.
Beginning around 320 C.E. a second great empire arose.

35. Chandragupta I
The Guptas united the northern kingdoms by conquering them through war.
Formed alliances through marriage.

36. Great Achievement in the Gupta Empire
Universities
Literature
Painting
Sculpture
Metalwork
Mathematics
Roads

37. Universities Time of great learning Hindu and Buddhist universities
No women were allowed to attend, except for the daughter’s of teachers
Hindu universities were designed for the upper classes.

38. Literature Gupta writers created many types of literary works.
They wrote poetry, fables, and folktales, and plays.
Hindu law and religion

39. Painting Gupta empire famous for its beautiful paintings
Subjects included deities and other religious topics
Paintings were created on long scrolls

40. Anjanta Cave Murals Murals cover the walls of thirty caves
Ancient Buddhist monastery
Paintings are done in bright colors like red, purple, and green.
Artists made paints from minerals and clay.

41. Sculpture
Sculptors created statues made out of stone, wood, bronze, and terra-cotta clay.
Many portrayed Buddhist or Hindu deities.

42. Metalwork Gupta kings controlled huge mines of gold, copper, and iron.
Gold and copper coins honoring Gupta rulers

43. Ironworks Part of metalworks
Iron pillar at a place called Meharauli is an impressive and mysterious examples of their skill.
Pillar made of solid iron, stands 25 feet tall, weights 13,000 pounds.

44. Mathematics Write whole numbers 1-9.
Used decimals system to write numbers.
Hindu mathematicians were the first to use the zero as a number.
Arabic numerals began wish the Indian system of numbers.

45. Aryanhata Combined math and astronomy.
He figured out that a year was exactly days long.
Calculated the approximate size of the earth.
Proposed planets were like balls or spheres.
Suggested the earth spins on an axis.

46. Mathematics Practical Uses
Gupta builders used mathematics to design more complex structures.

47. Roads
Gupta rulers encouraged trade by creating a huge system of well built roads.
Roads built with care and precision.
Signs told travelers where they were.
Empire greatly benefitted from trade.

48. Roads
Connected India to China and the lands east of the Mediterranean Sea.

49. Gupta Empire Research Done?
Options to put a cherry on top of the presentation
1. PROOFREAD!!
2. Create a new slide for more information on your topic (more is better!)
3. Create animation to the powerpoint
4. Create a slide for background information. This can be on Asoka or Mauryan Empire.
5. Create a slide to summarize the Golden Age of the Gupta Empire.
Submit through Google Classroom- put group member names into private comment and on title page of presentation.