1. European Imperialism
China

2. Goal: Expand their trading empire 1500s – reach India, Southeast
Asia & China
Goal:
Expand their
trading empire

3. Ming & Qing Dynasties Strict limits on foreign traders
Macao & Guangzhou – ports for foreigners
Could only sell to certain merchants
Strong enough to enforce laws

4. Reasons for Change 1. Qing begins to decline 2. Industrial Revolution
High taxes
Limited land
Increasing peasant population
Floods & Drought =famine
2. Industrial Revolution
Western Europe
Increased military power
Used military might to expand trading rights

5. Early 1700s Qianlong refused British request for
more trading rights with China.
Europeans refused to kowtow
To Chinese emperor

6. Opium War Precipitated because diplomacy failed
Britain began selling opium to China
By early 1800s, many Chinese addicted
Drained China’s supply of silver
Chinese government enacts strict laws
Death penalty to users & smugglers
War begins when shipment of opium destroyed

8. Treaty of Nanjing Ended Opium War First of many “unequal” treaties
Chinese had to accept British terms
Pay for destroyed shipment
Gave Hong Kong to the British
Open other ports
Showed Chinese could no longer set terms of trade

9. Results Other countries set terms Extraterritoriality France Germany
Russia US
Extraterritoriality
Westerners accused of a crime in China could be tried in own courts

10. Britain
France
Germany
Japan
Russia

11. Sino-Japanese War

12. Open Door Policy Who established Why:
US feared European nations would set up colonies in China
Goal:
Give all nations equal access to trade with China
Outcome:
Europe did not agree
US used to protect own trade with China

13. Unrest & Revolution
Taiping Rebellion

15. Boxer Rebellion