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WAYS MOLECULES MOVE Chapter 7-3
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DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ DIFFERENCE Concentration gradient
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DIFFUSION across a SPACE
Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration EXAMPLES DOWN from Higher to Lower Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in room
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DIFFUSION across a space
Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ equal everywhere Equilibrium
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Molecules need to move across membranes in cells
Image modiified from:
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CELL EXAMPLE: DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically moves from where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs)
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What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________
AGAINST (LOWER HIGHER) Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there Image from:
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What if cell needs to move molecules really _______
What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) FAST Cell example: Movement of Na + & K+ ions required to send nerve signals
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Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________
WAY HELP can’t go themselves
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Kinds of ________ Transport
PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________________ Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Carriers Channels
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DIFFUSION across a membrane
DIFFERENCE Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other concentration See diffusion animation
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DIFFUSION PASSIVE DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide
DIFFUSION PASSIVE No energy required = _______ Moves _______ concentration gradient from ___________________ Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane Example of molecules that move this way in cells: ________ & ____________ DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION uses _______________ to help molecules across 2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________ membrane proteins Carriers Channels Animations from:
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Facilitated Diffusion with CARRIER PROTEINS
Animation from: Carrier protein grabs molecule, changes shape, and flips across to other side like a revolving door
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
Membrane proteins create a tunnel through which molecules can pass ION CHANNELS charged _______________ allow________ ions to get past the ____________ center hydrophobic
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
polar ________ proteins allow ________ _________ molecules to get past the __________ middle of cell membrane. Aquaporin WATER hydrophobic
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FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is called ______________ OSMOSIS
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ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION
PASSIVE No energy required = _____________ Moves ________ concentration gradient from ________________________ ___________________ help molecules get across membrane DOWN HIGHER to LOWER Membrane proteins
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Kinds of ________Transport
ACTIVE ________________________________________ __________________________________ ________________________________ ___________________________________ PUMPS Sodium-Potassium Proton Vesicles Endocytosis Exocytosis
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PUMPS ACTIVE ATP low high membrane proteins pumps
___________ transport (requires energy from ______) Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Uses _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules Example: nerve cells Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells H+ pumped through proton pump ATP low high membrane proteins pumps
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES
___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules Used for transporting molecules: If entering the cell = ______________ If exiting the cell = _______________ ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS
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ENDOCYTOSIS Substances taken into cell
ACTIVE energy __________ transport (requires________) Uses ______________ to carry substances Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ 2 types- phagocytosis- large particles pinocytosis – small particles Examples in cells: one celled organisms eat this way white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way VESICLES low high
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ENDOCYTOSIS Protist eating another
Animation from: Protist eating another
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PHAGOCYTOSIS White blood cell germs ___________ destroying _______
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WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA (Phagocytosis)
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EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell
ACTIVE energy __________ transport (requires________) Uses ______________ to carry substances Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Examples in cells: _________ release packaged proteins this way VESICLES low high GOLGI
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GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Video: GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: See a Golgi movie
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INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis
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VOCAB _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLUTE SOLVENT
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Use new vocab to make Koolaid
Koolaid powder sugar Solutes = ______________& __________ Solvent = ____________ Koolaid drink = ______________ Water solution
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What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane?
WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium
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What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?
Solute concentration Greater outside than inside Lower outside than inside Equal outside and inside HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?
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OSMOSIS swell and possibly burst Video LESS THAN
Animation from: OSMOSIS See an animation Osmosis3 Video Choose Blood Hypotonic link HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________ LESS THAN swell and possibly burst
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OSMOSIS shrinks GREATER THAN Video
Animation from: OSMOSIS See an animation OSMOSIS 4 HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks Choose Blood Hypertonic link Video
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