1. Definitions Covered
Statistics
Individual
Variable
Quantitative vs. Qualitative variables
Population vs. Sample data
Parameter vs. Statistic

2. Nominal Level of measurement Ordinal Level of measurement
Definitions Covered
Nominal Level of measurement
Ordinal Level of measurement
Interval Level of measurement
Ratio Level of measurement

3. Definitions

4. Definitions
Descriptive Statistics - Involves methods of organizing, picturing, and summarizing information from samples or populations
Inferential Statistics - Involves methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population

5. Definitions
A Simple Random Sample of n measurements from a population is a subset of the population selected in a manner such that every sample of size n from the population has an equal chance of being selected.
The term random should not be confused with haphazard

7. Definitions
Simulation - is a numerical facsimile or representation of a real-world phenomenon
Random Number Table
Flipping a Coin

8. Definitions
Sampling without Replacement - when a number or individual has been selected for the sample, it is removed from the population.
Cards

9. Definitions
Sampling with Replacement - when a number or individual has been selected for the sample, it is not removed from the population.
Cards

10. Definitions
Stratified Sampling - Divide the entire population into distinct subgroups called strata. Then, draw random samples from each stratum.
Strata - Groups or classes inside of a population that share a common characteristic
Cards

11. Definitions
Systematic Sampling - Number all members of a population sequentially. Then, from a starting point selected at random, include every kth member of the population in the sample.
Potential for error
Machine errors
Cards

12. Definitions
Cluster Sampling - Divide the entire population into pre- existing segments or clusters. The clusters are often geographic. Make a random selection of clusters. Include every member of each selected cluster in the sample.
Cards

13. Definitions
Multistage Sampling - Use a variety of sampling methods to create successively smaller groups at each stage. The final sample consists of clusters.
Cards

14. Definitions
Convenience Sampling - Create a sample by using data from population members that are readily available.
Cards

15. Definitions
Sampling Frame - a list of individuals from which a sample is actually selected
Ideally the entire population
Undercoverage - results when population members are omitted from the sample frame
homeless
Cards

16. Definitions
Sampling Error - the difference between measurements from a sample and corresponding measurements from the respective population. It is caused by the fact that the sample does not perfectly represent the population.
Nonsampling Error - the result of poor sample design, sloppy data collection, faulty measuring instruments, bias in questionnaires, and so on.
Cards