1. Adapted from: Puberty: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections
Adapted from: Puberty: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections. SexualityandU.ca, 2010

2. WHAT DOES STI STAND FOR?

3. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION (STI)
Most STI have no symptoms
A person can have an STI and not know it!
Why would having no symptoms increase the risk of getting an STI?

4. OPTIONAL ACTIVITY: STI TRUE AND FALSE
STI true and false activity can be found on the Middlesex-London Health Unit Website:

5. HOW CAN SOMEONE GET AN STI?
Vaginal intercourse (the entering of the penis in the vagina)
Anal sex (the entering of the penis, finger or sex toy in the anus)
Oral sex (mouth on genitals)
Transmission from mother to baby in childbirth
Skin to Skin contact (touching of private parts)
Sharing equipment
Bodily fluids (Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk)
What is vaginal intercourse?
Penetration of the vagina by the penis
What is anal sex?
Anal sex is the penetration of the anus by a penis, finger or sex toy. There are a lot of nerve endings in and around the anus, and it is a highly sensitive area for many people. Anal sex can also be very uncomfortable or painful, often due to lack of adequate lubrication, or if the person being penetrated is not relaxed.
What is Oral Sex? Oral sex is the sucking or licking of the genitals with the mouth.
Fellatio (giving head, blow job) is sucking or licking the penis
Cunnilingus (going down, eating out) is sucking or licking the clitoris or vagina
Anilingus (rimming) is licking the anus
What does skin to skin contact include?
Touching and/or rubbing of private parts
Sharing Equipment such as
toothbrushes, razors, needles, tattooing, piercing
Bodily fluids include: Blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk

6. SYMPTOMS OF AN STI CAN INCLUDE:
Female 
Increased vaginal discharge
Vaginal itching
Burning or pain when peeing
Pain during sexual intercourse
Bleeding between menstrual periods
Pain in lower stomach
Lumps, bumps or sores
Male 
Watery or cloudy discharge from penis
Burning or itching around tip of penis
Frequent peeing
Testicular pain
Burning pain when peeing
Lumps, bumps or sores

7. WHAT IS THE ONLY 100 % EFFECTIVE WAY OF PREVENTING STIs AND PREGNANCY?
abstinence

8. WHAT DOES ABSTINENCE MEAN?
Abstinence means not to do something
Sexual abstinence means to abstain from different levels of sexual activity
Possible definitions of sexual abstinence between two people could be:
Avoiding vaginal intercourse
Avoiding vaginal, oral and anal intercourse
Avoiding genital contact
Ensure that the students note that:
. there is confusion, even among adults, about whether having sex includes only intercourse
. Canadian young people are experimenting with different levels of sexual activity
. oral sex is not free of STI and other risks
. abstaining at lower levels of sexual activity (outercourse) can eliminate risk of pregnancy and STI

9. WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF STIs?
BACTERIAL PARASITIC VIRAL

10. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED STIs: BACTERIAL (CURABLE)
Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis
Bacterial STIs are caused by bacteria passed from person-to-person during sexual activity. There are three infections in this category: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis.

11. CHLAMYDIA What is chlamydia? Sexually transmitted bacterial infection
Among the most common STIs in the world
How do you get chlamydia?
Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
How do you prevent chlamydia?
Condoms can help prevent the spread of chlamydia
Condoms and dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex

12. CHLAMYDIA What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
Most people have no symptoms
Females are less likely to have symptoms then men
How is chlamydia tested?
Testing is done by either swabbing the infected area or with a urine sample
How is chlamydia treated?
The infection can usually be cured with a single dose of antibiotics
Remember chlamydia is CURABLE!

13. CHLAMYDIA

14. GONORRHEA What is gonorrhea? Sexually transmitted bacterial infection
How do you get gonorrhea?
Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
Can spread from an infected mother to her baby during child birth
How do you prevent gonorrhea?
Condoms can help prevent the spread of gonorrhea
Condoms and dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex

15. GONORRHEA What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?
Both females and males may have no symptoms
Remember, infected people who have no symptoms can still pass along the infection
How is gonorrhea tested?
Testing is done by either swabbing the infected area or with a urine sample
How is gonorrhea treated?
The infection can usually be cured with a single dose of antibiotics
Remember gonorrhea is CURABLE!

16. GONORRHEA

17. SYPHILIS What is syphilis? Sexually transmitted bacterial infection
Very rare STI
Can cause serious damage to the body if not cured, even death
How do you get syphilis?
Passed along by having unprotected oral, anal or vaginal sex
Can spread from an infected mother to her unborn child
How do you prevent syphilis?
Condoms can help prevent the spread of syphilis
Condoms and dental dams can be used for protection during oral sex

18. SYPHILIS What are the symptoms of syphilis?
Syphilis produces a wide range of symptoms that are often confused with other illnesses
Some people have no symptoms at all
How is syphilis tested?
Testing is done by either swabbing the infected area or with a blood test
How is syphilis treated?
The infection can usually be cured with a single dose of antibiotics
A person can get the infection again, so their partners should also be tested
Remember syphilis is CURABLE!

19. SYPHILIS

20. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED STIs: PARASITIC (CURABLE)
Pubic Lice Scabies Trichomoniasis

21. PUBIC LICE Caused by tiny wingless insects known as crabs.
The lice attach their eggs to the pubic hair and feed on human blood

22. TRICHOMONIASIS
Caused by a parasite that is usually sexually transmitted, but it can survive 24 hours on wet towels and bathing suits

23. SCABIES
Caused by the itch mite. It burrows just under the skin and lays eggs. The scabies mite can live for 2-4 days away from the human body; therefore it can be transmitted without sexual contact.

24. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A PARASITIC STI
Intense itchiness
Reddish rash
Pain during sex or peeing
Vaginal discharge
HOW ARE PARASITIC STIs TREATED?
Shampoo
Lotion
Ointment
Antibiotic

25. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED STIs: VIRAL (TREATABLE)
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Herpes Hepatitis HIV / AIDS

26. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)
Very contagious virus
Some people never get symptoms
HPV is spread through skin to skin contact , oral, anal and vaginal sex with an infected partner
HPV can cause cancer of the cervix in women
HOW IS HPV TREATED?
Treatments remove the warts but do not remove the virus from the blood
Most warts will clear over time
There is no cure for HPV
There is a vaccine available for female
students in grade 8
Treatment options:
Special medication can be used
Freezing with liquid nitrogen
Laser therapy to destroy the warts

27. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)

28. GENITAL HERPES Remember herpes is not CURABLE it is TREATABLE!
Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Spread through skin to skin contact and oral, anal and vaginal intercourse
Some people with herpes never develop sores, but are still contagious and may spread it to others without knowing
People who have an initial outbreak can have more outbreaks throughout the rest of their life
Remember herpes is not CURABLE it is
TREATABLE!
There is no cure for herpes

29. GENITAL HERPES

30. HEPATITIS Hepatitis is a virus that affects your liver
It can cause permanent liver disease and cancer of the liver
Hepatitis A & B can be prevented by a vaccine
Vaccine is available to students in grade 7
Remember hepatitis is not CURABLE!

31. HOW CAN SOMEONE LOWER THEIR CHANCES OF GETTING HEPATITIS B?
Practice safer sex
Do not share instruments used in body-piercing, tattooing or hair removal
Do not share toothbrushes or razors
Get vaccinated

32. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROM (AIDS)

33. HIV AND AIDS HIV is the initial infection
AIDS is the advanced stage of the disease
Over a period of time, the virus attacks and damages the body’s immune and nervous system
HOW IS HIV/AIDS SPREAD?
The virus is spread through body fluids
There is no cure for HIV infection
Once infected, you have HIV for life.

34. WHERE CAN SOMEONE GO FOR STI TESTING AND TREATMENT?
Family Doctor
Walk-In Clinic
Health Unit –STI clinic

35. STI TESTING Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Females: swabs of cervical secretions can be taken
Males: swabs of urethral secretions can be taken or urine can be tested
Trichomoniasis
Diagnosed by taking a sample of vaginal discharge
The (dead) organism can sometimes be detected on a Pap smear.
Genital warts
Diagnosed by visual examination
Herpes
Usually diagnosed by sight, and by history
A swab of the lesion can be taken to confirm virus
Hepatitis B, C and HIV
Diagnosed by blood tests

36. ARE YOU EMOTIONALLY READY TO HAVE SEX? WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
Should I have
sex?
Class discussion

37. WHAT DOES SAFER SEX MEAN?
Communicating with your partner
Using protective barriers (condoms, dental dams)
Getting STI testing
Using birth control
Getting vaccinated

38. ONLY HAVE SEX BECAUSE YOU WANT TO !
QUESTIONS?
ONLY HAVE SEX BECAUSE YOU WANT TO !
Having sex once doesn’t mean you have to have it again
Stay educated
Talk to a parent, teacher, nurse or doctor
Communicate and practice safer sex

39. THE CLINIC
Located at 50 King St at the corner of King and Ridout by Budweiser Gardens
Birth control clinic, STI clinic and needle exchange
Free testing and treatment of most STIs
Inexpensive birth control and morning after pill