1. Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague
General Pathology – Seminary 1b
Staining Methods
Jaroslava Dušková
Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague

2. Tissue Samples
Fixation & Embedding FFPE
Sections
Staining

3. Cytology Samples Smears , cytocentrifugation
Fixation (formalin, glutaraldehyde, air drying, freezing)
Staining

4. Why do we stain ?
to visualize structures (empiric stainings originate in textile industry)
to prove presence of certain materials (e.g. Fe biochemical reactions – histochemistry)
to see microorganisms (bacterioscopy, mycoses, parasites visualisation)

5. Immunohistochemistry
detection of antigen using antibody (mostly commercially available)
the antibody is coupled with a visualisation system (mostly enzymatic – e.g. diaminobenzidine DAB) – brown reaction product

6. Morphological Diagnostic Methods
Pathological
macroscopy
microscopy
ultrastructure
IMAGING

7. Morphometric Investigations
objectivisation & refinement
of diagnostic methods
staging (e.g. malignant melanoma)
grading (e.g. kidney carcinoma)

8. List of the Demonstrated Methods
Haematoxylin & Eosin
v Gieson-elastics
blue trichrom
mucicarmine
PAS Fe
Kongo red
oil red
impregnation Warthin-Stary ( - Helicobacter)
Gram
Ziehl –Nielsen
polychrom
May-Grünwald-Giemsa