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What can you infer from this cartoon?

Published byHana Havlíčková Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "What can you infer from this cartoon?"— Presentation transcript:

1 What can you infer from this cartoon?
What are DNA mutations? What can you infer from this cartoon? Nuclear radiation causes mutations, mutations result in physical changes

2 POLYMORPHISMS Subtle differences as a result of differences in genes

3 POLYMORPHISMS Subtle differences as a result of differences in genes

4 When are polymorphisms considered mutations?
Polymorphisms are only considered mutations when they are not a part of the normal variation in the species. When they are not a part of the normal variation in the species.

5 List some questions you have regarding this topic.
Generating Questions List some questions you have regarding this topic. Guide student to inquire about causes, types and effects

6 What CAUSES DNA Mutations?

7 passed down from parents through egg and sperm
Causes 1 – Hereditary passed down from parents through egg and sperm

8 happen during an organism’s lifetime
Causes 2 - Acquired happen during an organism’s lifetime

9 Causes 2 - Acquired a. DNA copying error

10 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

11 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

12 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

13 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

14 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

15 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

16 b. environmental agents damage DNA
Causes 2 - Acquired b. environmental agents damage DNA

17 What are the TYPES of DNA Mutations?

18 Types of DNA Mutations 1. POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR POINT
POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR, FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES 1. POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR

19 Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT MUTATION POINT – CHANGE IN ONE BASE PAIR, FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES 2. FRAMESHIFT – INSERTION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES

20 Types of DNA Mutations Point Frameshift Missense: Nonsense:
Use the Mighty Mutations Maker to describe each of these: Point Missense: Nonsense: Same-sense/Silent: Frameshift Insertion: Deletion: Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

21 Single base/amino acid change
Types of DNA Mutations POINT - MISSENSE Single base/amino acid change Missense Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

22 Types of DNA Mutations POINT - NONSENSE
Creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Nonsense Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

23 POINT - SAME SENSE/SILENT
Types of DNA Mutations POINT - SAME SENSE/SILENT No change in protein Same Sense/ Silent Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

24 FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION
Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION Addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Frameshift/ Insertion Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

25 Deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift
Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT – DELETION Deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift Frameshift/ Deletion Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Delection – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

26 FRAMESHIFT – DUPLICATION A whole codon is repeated
Types of DNA Mutations FRAMESHIFT – DUPLICATION A whole codon is repeated Frameshift/ Duplication Missense – single base / amino acid change Nonsense – creates a stop codon which shortens the protein Silent – no change in protein Insertion – addition of one or more bases > whole code shift Deletion – deletion of one or more bases > whole code shift

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