1. Nicolaus Copernicus (p 434)
Polish,
Developed sun-centered universe theory
Heliocentric: sun- centered

2. Galileo Galilei (p 435) Italian physicist & mathematician, 1564 -1642
Observed that Jupiter’s moons move around the planet, as Earth moves around the sun
Contradict: to go against
Why were his theories seen as radical?

3. Francis Bacon (p 436) English philosopher, 1561 – 1626
Philosopher: a person who is an expert in the study of knowledge
Stressed experimentation and observation

4. René Descartes (p 436) French philosopher, 1596 – 1650
Emphasized human reasoning

5. Robert Boyle (p 438)
Irish theologian and natural philosopher, 1627 – 1691
Opened the way for chemical analysis

6. Isaac Newton (p 438) English physicist & mathematician, 1643 – 1727
Developed laws of motion and mechanics
Gravity: the force that pulls objects in Earth’s sphere to the center of the Earth
Calculus: a branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notations

7. A Step-by-Step Process
Scientific method: careful, step-by-step process used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis
Hypothesis: an unproven theory accepted for the purpose of explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation