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Therapy
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Psychoanalysis Based on Freud
Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis etc., the therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings Lying on the couch stereotype
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Psychodynamic therapy
Also influenced by Freud Focus on themes across relationships, including childhood experiences
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Humanistic Therapies Maslow and Rodgers
Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth Self-awareness and self-acceptance Focus on: Present and future (rather than past) Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious) Taking responsibility Growth; “clients” instead of “patients”
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Paraphrase Invite Clarification Reflect Feelings
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Behavior Therapies Focuses on removing troubling symptoms
Applies learning principles Classical Conditioning Counterconditioning Exposure therapies Systematic desensitization Virtual reality Aversive Conditioning
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Operant conditioning Token economy Assertiveness training
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Situation 1 B A C 2 A C B 3 C B A 4 B A C 5 C B A 6 A C B 7 B A C
Nonassertive Aggressive Assertive Situation 1 B A C 2 A C B 3 C B A 4 B A C 5 C B A 6 A C B 7 B A C 8 C A B 9 B C A
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Cognitive Therapies Our thinking influences our feelings
So to change our feelings…?
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Group and Family therapies
Kinda like it sounds
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Psychotherapy’s effectiveness
Research Meta-Analysis Regression toward the mean
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Alternative Therapies
Eye-movement Bee stings Trepanation Light Exposure
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Commonalities Among Therapies
Hope Perspective Trusting, caring relationship
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Drug Therapies Antipsychotic drugs Calmed patients
Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of dopamine is related to schizophrenia)
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Antianxiety drugs Depress nervous system activity Xanax
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Antidepressant drugs Increase serotonin
Used to treat anxiety as well as depression Aerobic exercise is usually as effective Lithium Carbonate (Bipolar)
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Brain Stimulation Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression Results in seizures and short-term memory loss
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Surgery Lobotomy
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Prevention of Psychological Disorders
Incidences of mental illness have been increasing. Is society to blame?
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