1. Therapy

2. Psychoanalysis Based on Freud
Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis etc., the therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings
Lying on the couch stereotype

3. Psychodynamic therapy
Also influenced by Freud
Focus on themes across relationships, including childhood experiences

4. Humanistic Therapies Maslow and Rodgers
Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth
Self-awareness and self-acceptance
Focus on:
Present and future (rather than past)
Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious)
Taking responsibility
Growth; “clients” instead of “patients”

5. Paraphrase
Invite Clarification
Reflect Feelings

6. Behavior Therapies Focuses on removing troubling symptoms
Applies learning principles
Classical Conditioning
Counterconditioning
Exposure therapies
Systematic desensitization
Virtual reality
Aversive Conditioning

7. Operant conditioning
Token economy
Assertiveness training

8. Situation 1 B A C 2 A C B 3 C B A 4 B A C 5 C B A 6 A C B 7 B A C
Nonassertive Aggressive Assertive
Situation
1 B A C
2 A C B
3 C B A
4 B A C
5 C B A
6 A C B
7 B A C
8 C A B
9 B C A

9. Cognitive Therapies Our thinking influences our feelings
So to change our feelings…?

10. Group and Family therapies
Kinda like it sounds

11. Psychotherapy’s effectiveness
Research
Meta-Analysis
Regression toward the mean

12. Alternative Therapies
Eye-movement
Bee stings
Trepanation
Light Exposure

13. Commonalities Among Therapies
Hope
Perspective
Trusting, caring relationship

14. Drug Therapies Antipsychotic drugs Calmed patients
Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of dopamine is related to schizophrenia)

15. Antianxiety drugs
Depress nervous system activity
Xanax

16. Antidepressant drugs Increase serotonin
Used to treat anxiety as well as depression
Aerobic exercise is usually as effective
Lithium Carbonate (Bipolar)

17. Brain Stimulation Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression
Results in seizures and short-term memory loss

18. Surgery
Lobotomy

19. Prevention of Psychological Disorders
Incidences of mental illness have been increasing. Is society to blame?