1. Gender Specific Labour Market needs of Migrant Women-South Indian Nurses (NHS) Giju George Mary Seacole Research Centre
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2. WHO-2004
“The loss of human resources through migration of professional health staff to developed countries usually results in a loss of capacity of health systems in developing countries to deliver health care equitably”
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3. Background
There has always been a shortage of nurses in the UK and the difficulties in retaining them added towards the recruitment crisis4
The number of new nurses joining the NHS needs to double within 10 years just to keep staff figures stable 3
Indian and Philippines together account for 53% of the non EU intake 2.
Previous studies on overseas nurses have shown that there is unequal treatment and social injustice faced by them 1
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4. Aim of the Study
To find out the perceptions, expectations and long term plans for migrating from Kerala ( India) to the United Kingdom as compared to other Western countries.
To find out if the health needs of professional migrant South Indian women are different from the local South Asian community.
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5. India
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6. Kerala- Facts Represent 3.1% of Indian population =31.8 M
Hindu state, 20% Christians 2.4 India
90% nurses Christian community
First state to elect Communist government
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7. Kerala Cont…. Literacy rate M= 87 Kerala 68.0 India
F=91 Kerala India
Life expectancy M=70 Kerala India 74 USA
F=74 Kerala India, usa
Average birth Kerala India per women
Infant mortality Kerala USA per 1000
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8. Reason for Shortage
Nurses from the UK are heading for Australian, Norway, USA & Gulf.
No of midwifes fell from 86,495 in 2002 to 47,
Underpaid (USA ,000 US$)
Non flexible hours- Major recruitment drive by US hospitals
Drop in nursing enrolment at University… some leaving nursing.
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9. Preference- UK
Documentation formalities get cleared in six months, compared to the US around 1.5 years.
No exams as compared to USA “CGFNS” & high standard of TSE.
Most are Diploma nurses, BSc migrate to USA, Australia and Gulf.
£ =79 Re US$=43Re
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10. Differences in migration
2001
Women and then men
Highly educated
Good command of English
Depression and isolation, mental health issues
1960
Men and then family
Mostly manual labourer
English speaking is poor
Suffer from CHD, stroke
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11. Hurdles Faced High level of Racism 1 Dropped in status
Working unsocial hours
No Social life
Huge expectations from family members
Lack of career pathways
Possibility of using UK as an opportunity to migrate to the USA
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12. Methodology for future study
Focus groups
London, Chelmsford, Norfolk, Manchester
8-10 participants per group
Confidentiality assured
Tape recorder will be used
Requirements
Female only, separate groups of BSc and Diploma nursing.
Below 30 years
South Indian origin
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13. Anticipated Outcomes
Identify variation on level of understanding of health needs of young professional migrant women
Identify the levels of education and see if there are any differences in their perception of coming to the UK
Identify new risk factors, which were previously underestimated in relation to migration and health
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14. References
Alexis, O., Vydelingum, V (2004) The Lived experiences of overseas black and minority nurses in the NHS in the South of England Diversity in Health and Social Care 1:13-20
Bradshaw, P.L (1999) A service in crisis? Reflections on the shortages of nurses in the British National Health Service. Journal of Nursing Management 7:129-32
Market and Opinion Research International (MORI) (2002) Internationally Recruited Nurses Member Study. A Survey of the Royal College of Nursing, Internationally Recruited Nurses Members. London: Market and Opinion Research International.
Meadows, S., Levenson, R., Baeza, J (2000) The last straw: explaining the nursing shortage. London: Kings Fund
Sen, A (1970) Problems of Overseas student and Nurses. Slough: National Foundation of Educational Research in England and Wales
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