1. 10-B
Blood

2. IV. Blood Physiology A. Hematopoiesis
1.= ________________
2. *Location:
3. Cells that begin process = Hemtocytoblast:
These cells develop from ___________ Cells
*Cells Produced:
Primary Control System =
*Hormone is ?
*Produced in what
organ?

3. B. Hemostasis 1. *= define 2. 3 phases a. Vascular Spasms
*Results in Vasoconstriction (via smooth muscle):
What is Vasoconstriction?
Affect of Vasocronstriction?

4. b. Platelet Plug Formation Platelet Plug = First– Collagen fibers:
Hemostasis …
b. Platelet Plug Formation
Platelet Plug =
First– Collagen fibers:
*Result of exposure to Collagen:
*Anchored Platelets release?
And what is the affect of this: ?
platelet plug has formed
Collagen exposed
Platelet Plug

5. *Damaged Cells release: *Platelets release: These two chemicals react
Hemostasis …
c. *Coagulation =
First: Many chemical reactions are needed, one after the other to eventually cause coagulation.
*Damaged Cells release:
*Platelets release:
These two chemicals react
*What other chemicals are involved in reactions?
Finally Thrombin, an enzyme, is produced
Thrombin Function:
*Normal time to clotting: ?
Fibrin Network
Fibrin Network

6. Figure 10.7

7. Students do: Blood Disorders
*Thrombus
*Embolus
*Hemophilia

8. C. Blood Groups and Transfusions
1. Importance of Transfusions
a. Loss of > 30 % causes shock
b. Transfusions: must be of the same blood group
History of Discovery
2. Immune System—Basic Functions
a. Antigens = a foreign substance that is usually on the cell surface that the immune system can recognize as foreign and then attack; are typically proteins and glycoproteins
b. Antibodies: proteins produced by WBC that attack antigens on Foreign Cells
Many different antibodies that are
specific to a particular antigen A BB B A A B Z Z Z Z Z Z

9. 3. Human Blood Groups
a. Red Blood cell surface has genetically determined proteins
b. > 30 common RBC surface proteins that act as antigens
Some of these are significant because a person’s immune system recognizes them as antigens and vigorously attacks them
Transplantation
Blood Transfusions
ABO Blood Group
People are born with the antibodies
Rh Factor
People are not born with the antibodies, but rather develop them upon exposure to the Rh antigen

10. Human Blood Groups … c. ABO Blood Groups
Based on the presence which two antigens = A & B
Type AB blood: A and B antigens present
Plasma Antibodies for ________
Type A Blood: A antigen is present
Plasma Antibodies for ________
Type B blood: B antigen is present
Type O blood: No antigens are present A B B A A A A B B B

11. Emergency Situations– no time to blood type patient
ABO Blood Groups …
d. Transfusion issues
Emergency Situations– no time to blood type patient
Universal Donor: O because the blood cells have no ABO antigens on it
Universal Recipient: AB because patient’s immune system does not react to A and B antigens as it does not make A or B antibodies
Type B can receive B and O blood
Type A can receive A and O blood
Non-emergency Situations– have time to blood type
Match type of Blood due to cross-reaction of antibodies in the transfused blood

12. ABO Blood Groups Blood Group RBC Antigens Plasma antibodies
Blood that can be received AB
A, B
None
A, B, AB, O
Universal recipient B
Anti-A
B, O A
Anti-B
A, O O
Anti-A, Anti-B
Universal donor

13. Human Blood Groups … b. Rh Blood Groups
Presence (+) or absence of the Rh (-) antigens (8 different types)
Most Americans: Rh+ = has antigen
Rh– people do NOT have the Rh antibodies to start off, but develop them upon exposure to the Rh antigen
PROBLEMS
Transfusions: Rh- given Rh+ blood
Problems in Pregnancy
Only in Rh– mothers

14. Rh– Mothers of a Rh+ child…
If Child is Rh- There is no problem as baby does not have the Rh factor, like the mother
If Child is Rh+
Normally mother-baby blood does not mix so there is no problem for first Rh+ baby born
But immune system is then sensitized to Rh antigen and Rh antibodies are produced by the mother
2nd Rh+ baby, the mother’s Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and reach the Fetus and they attack the fetus’ blood = hemolytic disease of the new-born usually ends in the death of the new-born
RhoGAM shot can prevent anti-Rh+ buildup

15. 4. Blood Typing
Blood type lab tested: by using artificial antibodies that react to antigens that are from the person being tested
ABO and Rh blood group antigens are tested
A Blood sample is mixed with artificial Antibodies: anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh serum
Agglutination (clumping of blood cells) indicates that the antigen is present in the person’s blood and indicates what there Blood Type is
Usually a person’s blood is Cross matching: both donors and recipients blood tested and the proper blood type is transfused when possible
Example: type A only given type A etc …

16. Serum Blood being tested Anti-A Anti-B Type AB (contains
antigens A and B;
agglutinates with
both A and B
artificial antibodies)
Agglutinated
RBCs
Type B (contains
antigen B;
agglutinates with
anti-B serum)
Type A (contains
antigen A;
agglutinates with
anti-A serum)
Type O (contains
no antigens;
does not
agglutinate with
either serum)
Figure 10.8

17. V. Developmental Aspects of Blood
Students do: *Sites of blood cell formation in fetus and new-born