1. Grapheme to Phoneme correspondence in English.

2. A phoneme is an atom of pronounced language.
A grapheme is an atom of written language.
-For example, there's a phoneme called the "voiceless velar plosive" that initiates the English words "catch" and "king". Its IPA symbol is [k].
-As a different example,
there's a Latin-alphabetical grapheme
called "c" that initiates the English
words "chariot" and "ceiling".

3. In a phonological orthography, a grapheme corresponds to one phoneme.
In typography, a grapheme is the atomic unit in written language. Graphemes include letters, Chinese characters, Japanese characters, numerals, punctuation marks, and other glyphs.
In a phonological orthography, a grapheme corresponds to one phoneme.
In English — multiple graphemes may represent a single phoneme.
For example, the word ship contains four graphemes
(s, h, i, and p) but only three phonemes, because sh is a digraph.
In English, the main graphemes are the twenty-six units that make up the alphabet.
Other graphemes include the various marks of punctuation: <.>, <;>, etc., and such special symbols as <&>, and (£)

4. There are about 40 distinctive phonemes in English, but 70 letters or letter combinations to symbolize phonemes.
This makes pronouncing spellings easier than writing correct spellings.

6. Relation between grapheme and phoneme (sound-letter)
Two related concepts
Alphabetic principle-
knowing that speech can be turned into print, that print can be turned into speech, and that letters are used to represent sounds in the language.
Letter recognition-
is the ability to recognise and name the letters of the alphabet.
-recognising and recalling the shapes of letters,
identifying lower and upper case letters,
-and recognising letters in isolation , etc

7. Phoneme-grapheme correspondence in English
1.  Digraph- two graphemes-one phoneme.
Sheet [∫], chick [ʧ,k], photograph [f]
2. “Silent” grapheme- doesn’t represent any sound at all (like the b in English debt).
3. Diphtong- a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable
Time [ai]

8. Presentation of Graphemes and Phonemes in English
sample
representation
/i/ ee
week
diphthong
/o/
o, a
on, was
Single phoneme
/k/ ck
clock
digraph
/s/ c
muscle
Silent phoneme

9. Diphthongs
Types of vowels where two vowel sounds are connected in a continuous, gliding motion.
Phoneme grapheme sample
/ai/ e,i eye, bike
/ei/ a same
/ia/ y yard

10. Phoneme grapheme sample
Digraphs
Two graphemes used as one.
Phoneme grapheme sample
/ʃ/ sh shake
/ʧ/ ch check
/θ/ th thin
/ʃ/ sh shake
/ʧ/ ch check
/θ/ th thin

11. The End.