1. Attachment & Parenting Early Social Development

2. Attachment John Bowlby
British psychoanalyst drew attention to importance of attachment after observing depression and other emotional scars in children orphaned in WWII
Inspired researchers to study how attachments are formed and what happens when they’re absent or broken

3. Imprinting Konrad Lorenz (1937)
Some animals (i.e. ducks, geese) develop attachment during a “critical period” shortly after birth
Imprinting –

4. Harry Harlow (1959)
Tested two opposing hypotheses on what leads to developing attachment:

5. Harlow Monkey Studies
Also investigated what happens when attachments do not form
Isolated some newborn monkeys from all social contact – dramatic disturbances after one year
Tragically similar situations observed in Romanian and Russian orphanages

6. Mary Ainsworth (1978) (student of John Bowlby)
“Strange Situation” experiment

7. Mary Ainsworth – “Strange Situation”
“Secure Attachment” – most infants

8. Mary Ainsworth – “Strange Situation”
“Insecure Attachment”
_________ – avoid or ignore mother upon return
_________ – upset when mother leaves, switch between clinging and angrily rejecting mother upon return
__________ – behavior is inconsistent, disturbed, and disturbing (i.e. – cry after mother returns and comforts; reach out for mother while looking away from her)
Secure attachments correlated with more positive social relationships later in life

9. Parenting Styles

10. Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
Their children tend to be:

11. Parenting Styles
Permissive
Children tend to be:

12. Parenting Styles
Authoritative
Children tend to be:

13. Parenting Styles
Uninvolved
Children tend to be:

14. Parenting Styles But, research is correlational
Does parenting cause traits in child? or do child’s traits influence parenting style used by parents?