1. Cells
Structure & Function

2. Recap… Who coined the term “cell”? Robert Hooke
What invention allowed cells to be seen?
Compound Microscope
Who is the Father of Microbiology?
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

3. The Cell Theory
The cell is the basic unit of structure & function of all living things
Building Blocks of living things
All living things (organisms) are made of cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells – (life from life)
So, this disproved Spontaneous Generation 3

4. Cells
Smallest living unit
Most are microscopic
But not all! 4 4

5. Prokaryotic Cells Believed first cell on earth
No membrane bound nucleus or organelles
Always Unicellular!
Bacteria 5 5

6. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane
Include fungi, protists, plant and animal cells
Have many membrane bound organelles
Can be unicellular or multicellular 6 6

7. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell 7

8. Plant & Animal Cells
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL

9. The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life
Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only
Multicellular organisms are made of many cells
The cells of Multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions 9

10. Different Plant Cells Onion Epidermal Cells Guard Cells root hair
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells 10

11. Different Animal Cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium 11

12. A Few Different Human Body Cell Types…

13. Eukaryotic Cells Have…
Organelles!
Specialized structures in a cell which have specific jobs…
The ones you NEED to know:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosome

14. A Cell Membrane AND Cytoplasm!
ALL CELLS HAVE…
A Cell Membrane AND Cytoplasm!

15. Cell Membrane CARBOHYDRATE CHAIN PHOSPHOLIPID BI-LAYER PROTEIN CHANNEL
Cytoplasm Inside Cell
PROTEIN CHANNEL
Phospholipid Head: Purple Lipid “Legs”: Blue
Proteins: Green Carbohydrate Chains: Red

16. Cell Membrane SUPER IMPORTANT!
It provides a boundary between inside and outside the cell… AND it CONTROLS what enters and leaves… (except for small molecules like water and oxygen and carbon dioxide, glucose, etc…)

17. Cytoplasm The “Jelly-Like” Goo Inside of the Cell.
Animal
Plant
The “Jelly-Like” Goo Inside of the Cell.
Contains Nutrients and is Always Moving!
Supports and Protects Organelles.

18. ALL Living Things Have DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Made of repeating Nucleotides (A-T, C-G)
We’ll learn about that later!
A=Blue T=Yellow
C=Green G=Orange C A G C A G T T C G T C G A

19. Most Cells (Not All) Have…
Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes

20. Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
The “Brain” of the Cell

21. Mitochondria Mighty Mito Makes ENERGY… Mighty Mito Makes ATP!
Outside Membrane= Blue
Inside=Purple

22. Ribosomes Make Protein
Can be attached to another organelle (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Usually found loose, floating in the Cytoplasm
Think Ribs on the BBQ!
Ribs are Protein!
Rib-o-some!
Ribosomes=Brown

23. Animal Cells Also Have…

24. Small Vacuoles (Vesicles)
Small “compartments” used by the animal cell for several different reasons

25. Lysosomes “Lys” means destroy
Lysosomes are a type of vacuole which destroys waste products

26. Centrioles Aid with Cell Division (Spider-man of the Animal Cells)
They kinda look like Twizzlers, don’t they???

27. Plant Cells Also Have…

28. Large Central Vacuole (or two)
Storage area for water
Provides Turgor ‘cuz plants don’t have a skeleton!

29. Turgor
The turgor pressure from water fills the vacuole(s)… so the plant cell becomes rigid and the plan can stay upright

30. Chloroplasts Where Photosynthesis happens - Membrane=Green Thylakoid
Thylakoid=Yellow
Membrane

31. Cell Wall Non-living Cellulose Protects the Cell Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Central Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Cell Wall: Brown Chloroplast: Green Mitochondria: Purple Central Vacuole: Blue Cytoplasm: Pink