1. Living Metabolism Part 1
AP Biology
Living Metabolism
Part 1

2. Dehydration and Hydrolysis Reactions
Short polymer
Unlinked monomer
Dehydration removes a water
molecule, forming a new bond
Longer polymer
Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer
Hydrolysis adds a water
molecule, breaking a bond
Hydrolysis of a polymer

3. Catabolism (Hydrolysis Reaction)
Reactants
Amount of
energy
released
(G < 0)
Free energy
Energy
Products
Progress of the reaction
Exergonic reaction: energy released

4. Anabolism (Dehydration Synthesis)
Products
Amount of
energy
required
(G > 0)
Free energy
Energy
Reactants
Progress of the reaction
Endergonic reaction: energy required

5. Catabolism (Hydrolysis Reaction)
Reactants
Amount of
energy
released
(G < 0)
Free energy
Energy
Products
Progress of the reaction
Exergonic reaction: energy released

6. Energy Coupling Two processes united by Energy

7. Kinetic Energy vs. Potential Energy

8. Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy

9. Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy

10. Thermodynamics

11. LE 8-3 CO2 Chemical energy Heat H2O First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics

12. Gibbs “Free” Energy Δ G = ΔH – TΔ S G- Gibbs “free” energy
H – Enthalpy (Total usable energy in the system)
T – Temperature in Kelvin (273 + C⁰)
S- Entropy (Disorder created by something being broken down)
Δ – Change in a variable over time

13. Unstable (Capable of work) vs. Stable (no work)
G < 0
G = 0
A closed hydroelectric system

14. Progress of the reaction
LE 8-6a
Reactants
Amount of
energy
released
(G < 0)
Free energy
Energy
Products
Progress of the reaction
Exergonic reaction: energy released

15. Progress of the reaction
LE 8-6b
Products
Amount of
energy
required
(G > 0)
Free energy
Energy
Reactants
Progress of the reaction
Endergonic reaction: energy required

16. Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy

17. Types of work performed by living cells
Motor protein
Protein moved
Mechanical work: ATP phosphorylates motor proteins
Membrane
protein
ADP
ATP + P i P P i
Solute
Solute transported
Transport work: ATP phosphorylates transport proteins P
NH2 +
NH3
Glu + P i
Glu
Reactants: Glutamic acid
and ammonia
Product (glutamine)
made
Chemical work: ATP phosphorylates key reactants

18. ATP

19. Phosphorylation