1. Electric Autos and West Virginia Energy
Why should West Virginia care about electric cars?

2. Electric Autos are not a New Concept
First, some background on electric cars.
Here we see a 1909 Baker Electric driven by its owner.
Who is driving?

3. Electric Autos are not a New Concept
First, some background on electric cars.
Here we see a 1909 Baker Electric driven by its owner.
Who is driving?
1909 Baker Electric That’s over ONE HUNDRED Years Ago

4. Even in the Modern Era… They’ve been around for OVER TWENTY YEARS
GM EV-1
Toyota RAV4 EV
A limited attempt was made in the late 20th century to re-start the electric car maket.
Production and sales was extremely limited, With some exceptions, only folks in the movie industry could get their hands on one. Tom Hanks drove one.
But GM only leased the cars, and after the leases expired, the program was canceled and the EV-1 met a sad fate.
They’ve been
around for
OVER TWENTY YEARS

5. Now they are becoming among the BEST CARS on the Road
Both men emigrated from their home countries as children. Must from South Africa, Lutz from Switzerland. Musk started several dot com companies, Lutz was a Marine fighter pilot and auto exec for BMW, Ford, Chrysler, and GM. Lutz was behind the BMW series 3 and the Dodge Viper.
Most likely the decision by Bob Lutz to greenlight the Chevy Volt was instrumental in kicking off the modern EV market we see today.
Lutz is new the CEO of VIA Motors.
Elon Musk and Bob Lutz

6. Elon Musk – Tesla Creator
mile range
No ICE
Safety Rating 5.4 stars out of 5 stars
Rated best car ever built by Consumers Report 103 out of 100 rating.
Tesla Model S Best selling US plug in car BEV

7. Bob Lutz – Father of the Chevrolet Volt
2015 Model PHEV
38 miles electric range
35 mpg on gasoline
5 star safety rating
GM states that the On-Star data shows the average driver goes 80% electric, 20% gosoline
2016 Model PHEV
50 mile electric range
41 gpm on gasoline
GM predicts the average owner will drive 90% on elecric, 10% gas.
Chevy Volt First Delivery December PHEV

8. Best Selling Plug-In in USA
75 mile range
No ICE
Best Selling plug in car globally
Nissan Leaf Best selling US plug-in car BEV

9. Europeans coming in a BIG WAY
BMW i3 - BEV or PHEV
BMW i8 - PHEV
Volvo xc90 - PHEV

10. Even Trucks are coming soon…
20 mile electric range
22 mpg on gasoline.
Fleet sales only.
Now providing quotes on web site.
VIA Motors VTRUX
PHEV

11. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?

12. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries

13. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters

14. Most EVs are Charged at Home
Level 1 (L1) (110 v AC)

15. Most EVs are Charged at Home
Level 1 (L1) (110 v AC)
Charges at 4 Miles of Range/Hour (mrph)
Typical Volt charges overnight for about $1.30

16. Most EVs are Charged at Home
Volt Level 2 (L2) Charging Station

17. Most EVs are Charged at Home
240v/13a
8 mrph
Volt charges in Four Hours
Volt Level 2 (L2) Charging Station

18. Most EVs are Charged at Home
Tesla L2 Charging Station

19. Most EVs are Charged at Home
Tesla L2 Charging Station – 240v/80a & 60 mrph
Tesla full charge in 4 Hours at about $10.00

20. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis

21. So, What’s It Cost to Operate?
Running Costs per 1,000 miles
Chevy Volt:
Power: $15 - $30
Gasoline: $10 - $30
Tesla or Nissan Leaf:
Power: $40 - $50

22. So, What’s It Cost to Operate?
Running Costs per 1,000 miles
Chevy Volt:
Power: $15 - $30
Gasoline: $10 - $30
Tesla or Nissan Leaf:
Power: $40 - $50
$12.36
Marty's September
Gasoline Bill

23. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance

24. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance
REALLY, REALLY FUN to DRIVE!

25. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Nearly all current Super Cars deploy Electric Drive Capabilities
The 1500 hp Koenigsegg Regera is a hybrid with an 18 mile all-electric range

26. Why should We care about electric cars?

27. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil

28. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil
EVs typically avoid burning One Gallon (or more) of gasoline a day
That’s about 500 gallons of gasoline per year.

29. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil
EVs typically avoid burning One Gallon (or more) of gasoline a day
That’s about 500 gallons of gasoline per year.
That is imported oil which has been eliminated!

30. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL

31. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL
Electric cars use power from the electrical grid
In W.Va. they are Powered by COAL!

32. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL
Electric cars use power from the electrical grid
In W.Va. they are Powered by COAL!
An EV in W.Va. consumes 8 to 11 pounds of coal per day

33. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL
Electric cars use power from the electrical grid
In W.Va. they are Powered by COAL!
An EV in W.Va. consumes 8 to 11 pounds of coal per day
100,000 EVs in W.Va. would consume 150K – 200K tons/year of coal

34. Say What? 100K EVs in our Region?

35. Say What? 100K EVs in our Region?
There are 375,000 plug-in cars NOW in USA
24 models across 15 brands – Today
More than 50 new models in pipeline
From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Apple and others

36. Say What? 100K EVs in our Region?
There are 375,000 plug-in cars NOW in USA
24 models across 15 brands – Today
More than 50 new models in pipeline
From GM, Ford, Nissan, BMW, Audi, VW, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Apple and others
One Million EVs will consume
1.5MM – 2MM tons/year of Coal
and save 500MM gals of gas

37. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL – Soon 1.5MM-2MM tons per year
Limited Effect on Existing Power Grid

38. Most EVs are Charged at Home
At NIGHT!
And miss
this peak
Electric car
charging can be
programmed to
fill this dip
This graph is an example of power usage in the US. It certainly doesn't show a high air conditioning day in the Midwest But it does show the how the power demand varies over the day, and how EV's could impact the demand.
A study by the Electric Power Research Institute showed that with incentives to charge off- peak, a car fleet with 30% electric vehicles (52 million vehicles) should only increase peak power usage by 1% . All the rest of the charging, with proper incentives, could occur off- peak.
Product ID:
Date Published:22-Dec-2008
A study of the Pecan Street electric village near Austin Texas produced real data from 30 homes owning 31 electric cars showed with Time-of-Day pricing only 12% of charging occurred at peak rates.

39. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL – Soon 1.5MM-2MM tons per year
Limited Effect on Power Grid – Most Charging at Night
Market Drivers are Appealing

40. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL – Soon 1.5MM-2MM tons per year
Limited Effect on Power Grid – Most Charging at Night
Market Drivers are Appealing
EVs are a Boost for Retail Sales

41. Why should We care about electric cars?
A study showed an Average Shopper spent
12 Minutes in a Retail Store

42. Why should We care about electric cars?
A study showed an Average Shopper spent
12 Minutes in a Retail Store
Add a Charge Station and the Study showed the Average EV Shopper spent 45 Minutes in the same Retail Store

43. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL – Soon 1.5MM-2MM tons per year
Limited Effect on Power Grid – Most Charging at Night
Market Drivers are Appealing
EVs are a Boost for Retail Sales – Shoppers stay longer
W.Va. Tourism needs to “Be Prepared”

44. Why should We care about electric cars?
Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia

45. Why should We care about electric cars?
Tourism is a Driver in West Virginia
Public Charging Stations will bring Drivers to
W.Va.’s Tourism Destinations

46. Most Common Public Station
Public EV Charging L2
Most Common Public Station
Charges at
8 to 55 mrph
Charging fees vary (zero and up)
240 volts
13 to 70 amps
ChargePoint Public Station

47. L3 Stations – Faster Charge at 480v DC
Public EV Charging
L3 Stations – Faster Charge at 480v DC
Charging fees vary
(zero and up)
Charges at
25 to 150+ mrph

48. Why should We care about electric cars?
Positive for US & W.Va. Economics
Reduce Imported Oil – Eliminate 500 gals gas per EV/yr
Powered by COAL – Soon 1.5MM-2MM tons per year
Limited Effect on Power Grid – Most Charging at Night
Market Drivers are Appealing
EVs are a Boost for Retail Sales – Shoppers stay longer
W.Va. Tourism – Boosted by Public Charging

49. IN SUMMARY EVs are Here & More are On the Way
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Job Commuting
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
Much Reduced Vehicle Maintenance
REALLY, REALLY FUN to DRIVE!
West Virginia stands to benefit:
Increased Coal Usage
Reduced Oil Imports
Grid Friendly Electrical Consumption
Market Boosts Available for Tourism and Retail Sales

50. Contact us via the Internet at
IN CLOSING
The West Virginia Electric Auto Association is a ready resource for Information and Policy Development
Contact us via the Internet at
or directly at
Marty Weirick:
Larry Harris:

51. Electric Autos and West Virginia Energy
Questions or Comments? ?

52. Electric Autos and
West Virginia Energy

53. Background Slides

54. So, Why is Electric Making a Comeback?
Advances in Electrical Drive Systems and Batteries
Electric is very Convenient – especially for Urban Commuters
Almost No Drive-Train Maintenance
Very Affordable on a Day-to-Day Basis
REALLY, REALLY FUN to DRIVE!

55. West Virginia Electric Auto Association Analysis
Engineering assumptions:
Coal heating value – 13,000 BTU/lb (S. WV Steam)
Power plant heating value – 0.67 lb coal / kwh
Electric car mileage – 3 miles / kwh
US car average miles driven – 37 miles/day
Coal Market Share – 70.2% - (from Midwest ISO)
Coal Market Share – 95% - (West Virginia only)
Coal Heating value based on southern West Virginia steam coal
Power plant heating value based on high efficiency power plant – similar to John Amos
Electric car mileage based on widely sold modesl – Volt, Leaf, etc. Not on very small cars like BMSi3 or very large cars like Mercedes S550
Miles driven counts all registered cars
Coal consumption based on electric market that closely resembles West Virginia. Although West Virginia is not in the MISO, the market here is close in market share and electric power load.

56. West Virginia Electric Auto Association Analysis
Question: Why should West Virginia care about electric cars?
Answer: Imported Oil Electric cars use electricity from the US grid. Based on average assumptions, electric cars avoid burning more than 1 gallon of gasoline a day, or about 500 gallons a year. Because the US is a net oil importer, this avoided fuel is imported oil.
What if we replaced oil imported from our enemies with West Virginia coal?

57. West Virginia Electric Auto Association Analysis
Question: Why should West Virginia care about electric cars?
Answer: US Economics One million electric cars will defer burning 500,000,000 gallons of gasoline per year. Based on $40 / barrel oil, that reduction in oil imports will reduce the US balance of payments more than $0.5 billion per year.

58. West Virginia Electric Auto Association Grid Analysis
Question: Won't electric cars overwhelm the electric grid, requiring huge new investments?
Answer: Not necessarily. Think of an EV as a computer with wheels. Every EV can be programmed for at least charging in 3 modes:
1) Set charge start time.
2) Set charge completion time.
3) Set time of day charge cost table, and the car software optimizes charging times.
EV's have been equipped for programmed control of charging since the late 1990's. The programming is typically a one time event, just set the time once and use the feature every day.
Bypass the programming step can be as easy as plugging the car in, immediately unplugging, and then replugging.

59. West Virginia Electric Auto Association Market Analysis
Electric Car Market Share Barriers
Cost of Cars
Declining – think computers & flat screen TVs
Availability of public car charging stations
Most charging is at home but public charging is needed for long trips
Political opposition
Electric cars have a “green” tint
Most gas cars work well
EV s are admittedly expensive now. But so were camcorders. Now camcorders come as apps on your cell phone that costs a couple hundred dollars.
EV originated in Silicon Valley. EV may follow a cost decline curve as things as economies of scale and cost reduction takes hold. This should trend is seen now in the cost of Lithium batteries, although more slowly than microchips.

60. West Virginia Electric Auto Association Retail Charging Analysis
What benefits can go to retail business for public charging?
At a California department store chain the average shopper stays 12 minutes.
At the same chain the average EV owner stays 45 minutes.
EV owners are loyal retail customers, and will drive out of their way to find merchants that provide public charging.
EV owners are willing pay for the power, as long as they don't feel gouged.
Imagine the marketing opportunities:
Charge using Kroger points. Or Rite Aid points
Spend $30 at Tamarack, next charge is free.
Park at Charleston Town Center garage, charge L1 for free. Pay an extra quarter and charge at L2.
Park at Yeager Parking Lot overnight, charge L1 for free.

61. West Virginia Electric Auto Association
Public Charging
Although EV's are mostly charged at home, most owners (especially battery only owners) want the assurance they can charge away from home if they need to charge to get home.
Home charging is unlikely to meet all EV owner needs.
West Virginia and the region have experienced very slow rollout of public charging stations compared other parts of the US.

62. West Virginia Electric Auto Association SUMMARY
Policy Analysis
WVEAA has policy recommendations to help the electric car market.
Build-out of networked charging stations
Time-of-use electric power pricing
Auto Dealers need to sell electric vehicles