1. Ablation of Ctip2/Bcl11b in Adult Epidermis Enhances TPA/UV-Induced Proliferation and Increases Susceptibility to DMBA/TPA-Induced Epidermal Carcinogenesis 
Shreya Bhattacharya, Shan Li, Heather Wheeler, Rong Wang, Christiane V. Lohr, Mark Leid, Gitali Ganguli-Indra, Arup K. Indra 
Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Volume 137, Issue 7, Pages (July 2017)
DOI: /j.jid
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2. Figure 1
Loss of Ctip2 in adult skin impairs skin barrier function and increases skin sensitivity to TPA/UVB treatment. (a) PCR analysis shows the absence of floxed Ctip2 gene and deletion of Ctip2 in the presence of inducible CRE recombinase. (b, c) Anti-CTIP2 immunolabeling and immunoblot analysis was performed 2 weeks after tamoxifen administration. (d) Graphical representation of percentage of transepidermal water loss. (e) Macroscopic images of Ctip2L2/L2 and Ctip2ep–/–i mice. (f) Histological analyses to determine epidermal thickness after tamoxifen administration. (g) Bar graph shows epidermal thickness in micrometers. (h, i) Immunostaining of Ki67 in dorsal skin of Ctip2L2/L2 and Ctip2ep–/–i mice performed 16 weeks after tamoxifen injection and percentage of Ki67+ cells in Ctip2ep–/–i epidermis compared with Ctip2L2/L2 skin. White arrows indicate Ki67 positively-stained nuclei in epidermis. (j) Increased expression of early differentiation marker K10 in Ctip2ep–/–i mice epidermis by immunostaining. (k) Increase of K10 and loricrin expression was detected by Western blot after Ctip2 abrogation. (l) BrdU+ keratinocytes were detected after TPA, UV, and TPA + UV treatment. (m) Graph represents percentage of BrdU+ cells. (n) TUNEL assay was performed after UV and TPA +UV treatment. (o) Graphical representation of TUNEL+ cells. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired Student t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < Scale bar = 200 μm. D, dermis; E, epidermis; h, hour; K10, keratin 10; TEWL, transepidermal water loss; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Ctip2 deficiency induces accelerated tumorigenesis after DMBA/TPA administration. (a) Graphical representation of percentage of mice bearing tumors. (b) Average number of tumors in Ctip2L2/L2 and Ctip2ep–/–i mice. (c) Graph shows incidence of bigger tumors in Ctip2ep–/–i mice. (d) Tabular representation of different types of tumors identified after DMBA/TPA treatment. (e) Histological and immunostaining analysis of tumors using antibody-targeting proliferating cell nuclear antigen, K10, and CD31. (f) Quantitative real-time reverse transcription–PCR analysis of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in control and Ctip2ep –/–i skin after DBMA/TPA treatment. (g, h) Immunoblot analysis using antibodies against (g) β-catenin and (h) p53 and p21 were performed on DMBA/TPA-treated skin. (i, j) Bar graph represents the total amount of respective proteins using β-actin as a loading control. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired Student t test. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < DMBA, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; K10, keratin 10; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions