1. BIOLOGY NOTES-HUMAN EVOLUTION

2. Primates
HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP CALLED _____________that also include monkeys and apes
originally lived in trees
strong hands ,fingers and ____________________thumbs
relatively large brains w/ a degree of intelligence
complex social behaviors
primates
opposable

3. Primates bipedal extended parental care
only humans can remain ____________-walking on 2 legs-for an extended time
humans have the largest of primate brains
humans have more developed speech
bipedal

5. II.Primate Evolution-A.Apes
usually larger than monkeys
larger brains and no tail
surviving apes:_________,______,_____,and gibbons
genetic studies show chimps to be closest ape to humans-----more than 90% genes identical
Chimps, gorillas, orangutans

6. chimps
Gibbons
orangutans
gorillas

7. Prosimians & Anthropoids
____________________(means premonkey)-small monkeylike w/ large forward facing eyes and are night---fossilized ones were rodentlike
Modern Prosimians:__________,____________ and ________________
Lorises ,pottos, lemurs and tarsiers
nocturnal
Prosimians
loris

8. pottos
Tarsier
lemur

9. Prosimians & Anthropoids
________means humanlike -include New World monkeys of S. America w/ pre-hensile tails-flexible tails(example-spider monkey)
anthropoids in Europe,Asia and Africa evolved into 2 groups 1)_________and 2)_________
Old World Monkeys have long prominent noses and non-prehensile tails-example-Baboon
1)New world ex-spider monkeys 2) Old World—ex-baboon
anthropoid

10. Spider monkey
Baboon

11. _______________all anthropoids belonging to human family
Early Hominids
_______________all anthropoids belonging to human family
modern human:_____
__________are scientists who study the lives and cultures of human through fossils and artifacts
probably there was usually more than one a time
hominids
Archaeologists
Homo sapiens

12. Australopithecus
Fossil evidence suggests the split between human and apes happened between 5-8 million years ago
Oldest fossil found may be_____________-meaning southern ape found in southern Africa
million y old - __________
A. ramidus
Australopithecus

13. Australopithecus 1924-_______-2.7-2.1 mya
1974-_________________-Lucy-3-4mya
They are considered hominids because they are bipedal---note different pelvis
Austalapithecus brain still smaller
_______________and _____________-1-2 mya-thicker bones
A. Africanus
A. Robustus and A. boisei
A. afarensis

14. A. africanus
A.afarensis

16. A. robustus
A. boisei

17. Homo habilis
1964 the Leakies found __________________-1st known to use tools-direct ancestor of humans
1960's-another discovery of probably same species
larger brain
Homo habilis

18. Homo erectus even larger brain
migrated out of Africa and into Asia and Europe
may have been able to make fire

19. Homo sapiens maybe 500,000 to 300,000 y ago
A. ___________fossils found in Germany in 1856
subspecies of Homo sapiens
Europe and Asia
brains as large as humans
faces fairly similar w/ heavier brow
burials and decorated tools
religion
Neanderthal

20. Neanderthals

21. Cro-Magnons
100,000 y a
shared earth w/ Neanderthals....may have blended into one group
may have drove Neanderthals to extinction
1st fully modern human