1. Basics of Chemistry
Week 4
Dr. Thornton
OAPB

2. The Atom by Niels Bohr The Bohr Model electron (negative charge)
shell
proton
(positive charge)
nucleus
neutron
(no charge)
Label Edit
Figure 2.2
Representations of Atoms
Hydrogen (H)
Helium (He)
The Bohr Model

3. Electron Shells

5. Elements Matter: takes up space, has weight.
Mass: the quantity of matter in a given object.
Energy: review the types of energy.

6. Isotopes
Figure 2.5
Same Element, Different Forms

7. Figure 2.6
Electron Configurations in Some Representative Elements

8. electron transfer sodium ion (Na+) chloride ion (CI–) Label Edit
Figure 2.9b
Electron transfer

9. Figure 2.9
Ionic Bonding

10. Figure 2.13
Complex Binding

11. Figure 2.7b
One water molecule

12. ATOM ACTIVITY!

13. Polar Molecules
Figure 2.7
Covalent Bonding

14. Figure 2.8a
Polar water molecule

15. Figure 2.10
Hydrogen Bonding

16. Figure 2.16a
Walking on Water

17. Figure 2.16b
Beading up

18. In ice, the maximum number of hydrogen bonds form,
causing the molecules to be
spread far apart.
Label Edit
Figure 2.15
Life Made Possible under the Ice
liquid
water
In liquid water, hydrogen
bonds constantly break and
re-form, enabling a more
dense spacing than in ice.

19. Figure 2.14
Water’s Power as a Solvent

20. (a) Starting with pure water
Pure water is a “neutral”
substance in terms of its
pH levels.
Label Edit
Figure 2.18a
Starting with pure water
(H2O)

21. Figure 2.18b
Making water more acidic

22. (c) Making water more basic NaOH
An equal concentration of sodium hydroxide, poured into water, dissociates into Na+ and OH– ions, moving the water toward the basic end of the scale.
NaOH
base
Label Edit
Figure 2.18c
Making water more basic

23. (d) Combining acidic and basic solutions
When the acid and base solutions are poured together, the OH– ions from (c) accept the H+ ions from (b), forming
water and keeping the solution at a
neutral pH.
Label Edit
Figure 2.18d
Combining acidic and basic solutions
neutralized solution

24. Figure 2.18
Hydrogen ions and pH

25. Figure 2.18
Hydrogen ions and pH

26. Figure 2.18
Hydrogen ions and pH

27. Figure 2.18
Hydrogen ions and pH

28. Figure 2.19
Common Substances and the pH Scale