1. Wonderful Water
1st activity – Gently bend 4-5 toothpicks. Place in a star formation. Add a few drops of water to the center of the star.
With a partner, brainstorm the cause of what happens next.

2. Water activities
6 Stations scattered around the room. Each station has directions for entire room, but only the materials for one station. No more than 5/group. Each group does each station 2x. 5 minutes for each station.
Your job is to read directions, predict what will happen, follow directions, observe what happens, record observations (words and/or pictures.) In some cases, directions are not explicit and you’ll need to create some steps.
Graduated Cylinders – use plastic and then glass

3. Properties of Water Due to two things: Review covalent & ionic bonds
Bonding between hydrogen & oxygen atoms
Bonding between water molecules
Review covalent & ionic bonds
Discuss bonds within a water molecule & resulting properties
Discuss bonds between water molecules & resulting properties

4. A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.
Composition of Matter
Chapter 2
Compounds
Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.
Cloud Model

5. Chapter 2 Covalent Bonding Section 1 Composition of Matter
Go to Visual for covalent bonds

6. Chapter 2 Compounds Ionic Bonds
of Matter
Ionic Bonds
An ionic bond is formed when one atom gives up an electron to another. The positive ion is then attracted to a negative ion to form the ionic bond.
Chapter 2
Compounds

7. Chapter 2 Short Response
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
Covalent bonding is a sharing of electrons between atoms. Why do some atoms share electrons?
Answer:
Sharing electrons achieves a stable number of electrons in the orbitals that correspond to the highest energy level for each atom.

8. Chapter 2 Polarity Water is considered to be a polar
Water and Solutions
Chapter 2
Space filling model
Polarity
Water is considered to be a polar
molecule due to an uneven distribution of charge.
The electrons in a water molecule are shared unevenly between hydrogen and oxygen.
Solubility of Water
The polarity of water makes it effective at dissolving other polar substances such as sugars, ionic compounds, and some proteins.

10. Chapter 2 Hydrogen Bonding
Section 3 Water and Solutions
Chapter 2
Hydrogen Bonding
A hydrogen bond is the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge.

11. Properties from Hydrogen Bonding - Cohesion and Adhesion
Section 3 Water and Solutions
Chapter 2
Properties from Hydrogen Bonding - Cohesion and Adhesion
Cohesion is an attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together, such as water molecules.
Attraction between positive Hydrogen & negative Oxygen charge between water molecules
SURFACE TENSION
Adhesion is the attractive force between two particles of different substances, such as water molecules and glass molecules.
Attraction between positive Hydrogen & negative charge somewhere else
CAPILLARY ACTION (CAPILLARITY)

12. Adhesion / cohesion video on visuals

13. Chapter 2 Hydrogen Bonding Temperature Moderation
Water has the ability to absorb a relatively large amount of energy as heat (high heat carrying capacity)
The ability to cool surfaces through evaporation.
Density of Ice
Solid water is less dense than liquid water due to the shape of the water molecule and hydrogen bonding.

14. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
1. The way in which elements bond to form compounds depends on which of the following?
A. the model of the atom
B. the structural formula of the compound
C. the dissociation of the ions in the compound
D. the number and arrangement of electrons in the atoms of the elements

15. Multiple Choice, continued
Chapter 2
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
The illustration below is a space-filling model of water. Use the model to answer the following question.
7. The covalent bonds on the water molecule depicted in the picture above has partial positive charges on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. What do the partial positive and partial negative charges on this water molecule mean?
A. Water is an ion.
B. Water is a polar molecule.
C. Water needs a proton and two electrons to be stable.
D. Oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms have opposite charges.

16. Which activities showed
Water sticking to itself?
Water sticking to something else?