1. Civil Rights

2. In the Supreme Court In the Supreme Court
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson… “Separate but Equal” is unconstitutional

3. Montgomery, AL (1955) Little Rock, AK (1957)
Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white passenger
Bus Boycott
Led by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Black passengers refused to ride bus until policies changed
Little Rock, AK (1957)
Governor Orval Faubus refused to allow 9 black students to attend Central High School
Eisenhower sent in 101st Airborne to force the desegregation

4. Civil Rights Organizations
“Ole Miss” (1962)
James Meredith denied admission
JFK sent in troops to restore order
Civil Rights Organizations
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (1910)
Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE) (1942)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (1957)
Formed after the success of the Montgomery bus boycott (MLK)
Encouraged non-violent protest
Church leaders moved to the forefront of the struggle
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (“SNCC”) (1960)

5. Civil Disobedience SIT-INS FREEDOM RIDES
Blacks sat in a segregated establishment and refused to move
Many arrested
FREEDOM RIDES
Blacks rode buses into segregated areas to see if Southerners would obey the Supreme Court
First Bus met with violence in Alabama

6. Additional Protests Albany Movement, 1961 Birmingham, 1963
Georgia protesters began a year long struggle
MLK went to help
Birmingham, 1963
MLK and others protested
MLK arrested and released
MLK got children to join protest
900+ people got arrested
Protesters injured
Shot with fire hoses
Attacked by dogs
Beaten with clubs

7. Washington, D.C., August 28th 1963
MLK marched on Washington
MLK made “I have a dream…” speech

8. Malcolm X Militant approach to civil rights Joined nation of Islam
Supported “black nationalism”
Believed equality could come by any means necessary

9. Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965
Ended voting restrictions
Prohibited discrimination based on
Race
Gender
Religion
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Ended voting restrictions
Ended literacy tests