1. Epithelial Cell Hyperproliferation After Biliopancreatic Reflux Into the Esophagus of Rats 
Manuel Pera, Luis Grande, Marisa Gelabert, Xavier Figueras, Miguel Pera, Antonio Palacı́n, Montserrat Elena, Antonio Cardesa, Antonio F Tiburcio, Victor F Trastek 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 65, Issue 3, Pages (March 1998)
DOI: /S (97)

2. Fig. 1
Normal esophageal squamous epithelium of rat after 6 weeks of biliary reflux in cross-section is composed of the usual basal (B), spinous (S), granular (G), and keratinized layers (K). (Hematoxylin and eosin; ×400 before 41% reduction.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

3. Fig. 2
Papillary hyperplasia in an animal after 6 weeks of biliopancreatic reflux. Squamous epithelium shows thickening of the spinous layer with initial papillary elongations and prominent hyperkeratosis. The basal layer is widened. (Hematoxylin and eosin; ×150 before 41% reduction.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

4. Fig. 3
Normal esophageal epithelium from an animal after 72 hours of pancreatic reflux showing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-stained cells (arrows) limited to the basal layer, which is the normal proliferative compartment. (Anti-PCNA/DAB; ×400 before 41% reduction.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

5. Fig. 4
Esophageal mucosa from an animal after 9 weeks of pancreatic reflux showing expansion of the proliferative compartment toward the suprabasal layer (arrows). (Anti-PCNA/DAB; ×250 before 41% reduction.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

6. Fig. 5
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index (% of PCNA-stained cells) in the suprabasal layer after counting 300 epithelial cells at this level. Each symbolrepresents mean from at least 5 animals and barsdenote standard error of the mean. (BP = biliopancreatic reflux; P = pancreatic reflux; B = biliary reflux; S-O = sham operation; h = hours; w = weeks; ¶p < 0.05 versus P, B, S-O; §p < 0.05 versus B, S-O.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

7. Fig. 6
Activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the esophageal mucosa at different times after three types of reflux esophagitis (BP, P, B) and a sham operation (S-O). Each symbolrepresents mean from at least 5 animals and barsdenote standard error of the mean (BP = biliopancreatic reflux; P = pancreatic reflux; B = biliary reflux; S-O = sham operation; h = hours; w = weeks; ¶p < 0.05 versus P, B, S-O; §p < 0.05 versus B, S-O.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

8. Fig. 7
Mucosal levels of polyamines putrescine (A), spermidine (B), and spermine (C) at different point times after three types of reflux and a sham operation. Each symbol represents mean from at least 5 animals and bars denote standard error of the mean. (BP = biliopancreatic reflux; P = pancreatic reflux; B = biliary reflux; S-O = sham operation; h = hours; w = weeks;¶p < 0.05 versus P, B, S-O; §p < 0.05 versus B, S-O.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )