1. Unit 10
CHAPTER 37

2. Immune System Chapter 37 Infectious Diseases Immune System
Noninfectious Diseases

3. Immune System
CHAPTER 37.1

4. Infectious Diseases
Pathogens – an agent that causes infectious disease
Bacterium, virus, protozoan and fungus

5. Infectious Disease Pathogen is passed from one organism to another
Disrupts the homeostasis in the organism’s body

6. Not All!
Bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi and parasites

7. History
Louis Pasteur - airborne microorganisms grow on nutrient solution
Germ Theory – some microorganisms are pathogens
Robert Koch – Studied Anthrax

8. Koch’s postulates
A specific pathogen causes a specific disease

9. Koch’s postulate Postulate 1 – pathogen isolated
Postulate 2 – grown in pure culture
Postulate 3 – must cause same disease
Postulate 4 – must be separated, grown and cause the same disease

10. Spread of Disease
Must have a reservoir
Must have a way to spread

11. Disease Reservoir A source of the pathogen in the environment
Animal, people, or soil

12. Human Reservoirs
Humans are main reservoir for pathogens that affect humans
Directly or indirectly
Carrier – free of symptoms, able to pass it

13. Animal Reservoirs Influenza – pigs and birds
Rabies – dogs, bats, skunks, and raccoons

14. Transmission of Pathogens
Direct contact – colds, mono, herpes
Indirect contact – passed through the air
Vectors – insects mosquitoes and ticks

15. Symptoms of Disease Pathogen invades cells in your body
Virus multiplies
Exits
Exocytosis or cell burst

16. Disease Patterns CDC – Center for Disease Control
WHO – World Health Organization
Endemic – common colds
Epidemic – large amounts in population
Pandemic – large region, globe

17. Treating and Fighting Disease
Antibiotic – a substance that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
Penicillium – a material secreted from a fungus, it kills completing bacteria
Most are killed by the immune system

18. Bacteria
Antibiotic resistance
Penicillin once used for gonorrhea

20. CHAPTER 37.2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
The Immune System
CHAPTER 37.2
INFECTIOUS DISEASES

21. The Immune System
Nonspecific immunity
Specific immunity

22. Nonspecific Immunity Born with a number of defenses
First line of defense
Barriers
Skin - foreign organisms from entering the body
Chemical - saliva, tears, nasal secretion (lysozyme)

23. Nonspecific Responses
Cellular defense - phagocytosis
Interferon – prevents viral replication
Inflammatory response – overall immune response, complex series of events

24. Specific Immunity Second line of defense
Lymphatic system – filters lymph and blood
Lymphatic organs

25. B cell Response Antibodies – proteins that react specifically
B cell – B lymphocyte
B cell – an antibody factory

26. T Cell Response Lymphocyte that activates antibody secretion
B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

27. Passive and Active Immunity
Exposed to disease antigens and memory cells
Immunization – deliberate exposure

28. Immune System Failure Effectiveness fails
AIDS – immunodeficiency syndrome
HIV – human immunodeficiency virus

29. Video
The bodies defenses against disease

31. CHAPTER 37.3 NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS
The Immune System
CHAPTER 37.3
NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS

32. Noninfectious Diseases
Chapter 37.3

33. Which one?
Virus
Bacteria

34. Noninfectious Disorders
Genetic disorders
Degenerative diseases
Metabolic diseases
Cancer
Inflammatory diseases

35. Genetic Disorders Inheritance of a gene that doesn’t function properly
Albinism, sickle cell anemia, Huntington disease, hemophilia

36. Degenerative Diseases
A part of the body wearing out
Degenerative arthritis, arteriosclerosis

37. Metabolic Diseases Error in biochemical pathway
Type I diabetes – high level of sugar, bad on the kidneys and retinas of the eyes

38. Cancer
Abnormal cell growth

39. Inflammatory Diseases
Body produces an inflammatory response to a common substance
Allergies – response to environmental antigens
Autoimmunity – produce antibodies that attack proteins produced by the body

40. Study Guide
1. What are the main nonspecific defenses in the immune system?
2. How do antibodies help in infection?
3. How does a vaccine help a person fight an infection?
4. How do bacteria and virus differ?
5. How does HIV effect a person’s immune system?