1. Intercultural Communication
Executive Master
Intercultural Communication
Lugano 2009
Modul Fleiner
Class 2:
Shared Rule – Self Rule

2. Basic Elements of Federalism
Constitution
Shared Rule
Self Rule

3. Shared Rule Principle

4. Main Issues:
Legitimacy:
Democracy
Representation
Equality
Federalism
Effectiveness
Capacity to do the job
Federalism and Government by
Consent

5. Governmental Systems
Parliamentary and Multicultural Society
Presidential and Multicultural Society
Directorial and Multicultural Society

6. Forms of Federal Executives
and Legislatures in
Selected Federations (Watts)

7. Federation
Executive Legislature
Head of Government
Head Fe- deration
Bicameral unic. Leg.
Austr.
Cabinet
Prime Mini.
Monarch
Bicamer.
Austria
Chancellor
El. Presid.
Belgi.
Canada
Prime. Mini.
Germa.
Pres. El. Assembly
Malays.
Prime.Min.
Sel. Her. rulers
Spain CH
Fixed term
Exec.Dire.
Rot. Pres. US
Sep. Pres. Congress
President
Pres. Elected

8. Variations in Selection, Composition and Powers of
Second Chambers S. Watts

9. Selection
Composition
Powers
Role
App. By Fed. Gov. CA Mal.
63% Seats
Equal Regio.
Repr. CA
Absol Veto
Mediation US, CH
Legislature CH; US, AT AU MY
App. By F.Gv. Nom. Provinc.
Equ. St. Re. AU, US,CH
Abs. Veto f. some Leg.
Legis.; int. Gvt Rel ZA
App. State Gov. GE
2 Cat. Of St. Repres. CH
Susp. Veto time ES MY
Interpret.
Const. Ethi.
Ind. El. State legis. AT IN MY
Weighed. St. Repr. AU. IN.
Susp.Veto GE
Dir.El. Simpl. Plur. CH, US
Weighed St. Repr. IN, AT
Deadlock: joint Sitting
Dir. El. Prop. AU
Ad.repr.for other IN,MY
Deadlock: Diss. Joint Sit.
Choice left to Cantons CH
Min. reg. repr. ES,BE
Money Bill Sus Veto IN,My
Mixed. BE.ES, MY
Repr. Nation
Ehtiop.
Judic. Funct.
Ethiop.

10. Autonomy and Distribution of Powers
Self-Rule Principle
Autonomy and Distribution of Powers

11. Problems:
Solidarity e.g. Belgium
Human Rights – Right to be equal
Globalisation – Intergovernmental Relationship
Wealfare State, New Deal USA
Federal Spending power Common Law
Continental Law
Foreign investment
Competition
Devolution without shared Rule GB

12. Main Questions:
Purpose of Distribution
Who decides?
Criteria‘s
What is distributed
Concept and Technique of Distribution
Distribution to
- Whom? - What entities? - Border-
lines?
Asymmetric Distribution

13. Who decides
Constitution maker
Federal Legislature
Both
Court (US, EU)
Common Law: Family Law, Property Law, Contract, Criminal Law, Procedure, commercial law etc.

14. Purpose of Distribution
and Criteria’s
Purpose
Criteria’s
Principles
Legitimacy
Efficiency
Subsidiary
Principle
Diversity
Financial
Capacity
Democracy
Need for
Coordination
Commerce Clause
Justice
Necessary
and Proper Clause
Need for a
uniform solution
Equality
Interest of the task
limited to the region
Closeness to
local population

15. What is distributed
Branches of
Government
Financial
Competences
Governmental
Tasks
Constitution
Making
Income:
Taxes, Grants,
Bonds, Loans
Foreign Policy
Incl. Defence
Legislation
Individual / col-
lective rights
Execution
Mineral Resource,
Water etc.
Public Services
Judiciary
Police
Education, Cul-
ture
Common
Law, Codi-
fication
Expenditures
Health,
Environment
Spending
Power
Economy and
Development
Opting out local
deviation
Financial
Equalisation
Civil Law
Common Law

16. Techniques of
Distribution
Concept
Technique
Bottom up
Exclusive
Parallel
Top Down
Concurrent
Parallel Distribution
General Clauses
Supremacy
Detailed
Regulations