1. 1

2. Heat enters ocean-atmosphere in tropics, goes out at poles2

3. (Pinet)

4. Major ocean current systems4

5. Surface patterns extend as deep as 1000 m5

6. Snapshot of ocean temperature – shows lots of eddies…
Warm-core
ring
Cold-core
ring 6

7. Dissolved Gases in the Ocean
Oxygen profile
Respiration:
Animal, plants and microbial decomposition
Anoxic environment

8. Dissolved Gases in the Ocean
Oxygen profile

9. 9

10. Antarctic Bottom Water
Thermohaline sources
North Atl Deep Water
Mediterranean water
Pacific Deep
water
Red
Sea
Ant. Inter.
water
Antarctic Bottom Water 10

11. Mediterranean and Red Sea make Atlantic and Indian Oceans salty11

12. And warmer than the Pacific….12

13. Atlantic temp and salinity13

14. Atlantic – O2 and water mass types (along western Atlantic)
AAIW
NADW

15. Pacific (160W) temperature and salinity

16. Pacific O2 and water masses
AAIW

17. More sluggish in Indian and Pacific Oceans. Particle flux is
cumulative, means older water more nutrient enriched…

18. T-S curve
T-S diagram

19. T and S‰ as tracers of water masses
‘signature’ generally set at surface ocean
T and S‰ are considered conservative properties
Conservative properties: altered only by processes happening at the boundaries of the oceans. Within the ocean interior, see changes ONLY as a result of the mixing of water masses

20. T/S for Atlantic
and Indian Oceans