1. Roosevelt and the New Deal

2. Election of 1932
Democrat Roosevelt beats incumbent Republican Hoover in a landslide
Roosevelt rallied nation in his inaugural address  “The only thing we have to fear is, fear itself” – “this nation asks for action and action now!”

3. New Deal
Nickname for his new programs that would make government a more active participant in solving problems
Emergency Banking Relief Act –required the Treasury Department to declare banks financially sound before they reopened
Fire-Side Chats – FDR urged listeners that the banks were safe and they needed to put their money back into the banks  would become weekly addresses to keep the people informed of his plans
After 1st Chat, deposits outnumbered withdraws  banking crisis was over

4. 3 R’s
Over the course of the next 100 days while in office, Roosevelt and Congress enacted numerous government agencies known as “alphabet agencies”
Agencies fulfilled the New Deal’s “3-R” goals: Relief, Recovery, and Reform

5. Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) (Mar
Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) (Mar. 1933) –provided jobs for 3 million Americans (ex: helped landscape the Blue Ridge Parkway)
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (May 1933) – agency created to provide cheap electricity, recreational areas, and flood control by building dams in the Tennessee Valley  
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) (May 1933) – government agency paid farmers to reduce crop production, kill animals, and plow under crops to help increase their income  less supply leads to higher demand and prices
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Jun. 1934) – set up to supervise and police the stock market
Glass-Steagall Act (Jun 1933) – separated commercial banking from investment banking and established the FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (Jun. 1933) – formed to correct unsound banking/investment, increase confidence in the banking system
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) (Jun. 1933) – suspended anti-trust laws to promote economic recovery for business leaders in exchange for recognition of workers rights (unionize, collective bargaining, work hours) and minimum wages
National Recovery Administration (NRA) – agency that attempted to enforce the NIRA by encouraging business to accept the regulations as “patriotic” urging the public to only buy from business that did
Public Works Administration (PWA) (Jun. 1933) – agency created to distribute fund in construction jobs and public works

6. Haters Gonna Hate, Hate, Hate
Some believed New Deal didn’t go far enough to help Americans while other believed it went too far giving the federal government excessive power
Deficit Spending – spending more than you make  buying on credit and creating debt
FDR used this policy to fund New Deal programs with large amounts of money alarming many as America was creating a national debt
Supreme Court Challenges –reviewed constitutionality of New Deal programs finding some unconstitutional including the AAA and NRA

7. Second New Deal
At election of 1936, Depression better but not over so FDR began work on his Second New Deal to end the Depression
Works Progress Administration (WPA) (Apr. 1935) – offered further work in construction and also provided federal jobs to artists, musicians, writers, and theatre actors
National Labor Relations Act/Wagoner Act (Jul. 1935) – protected workers right to unionize
Social Security Act (Aug. 1935) – offered the elderly and disabled a federal pension when they retired and offered a system of temporary unemployment insurance
Frances Perkins – FDR’s Labor Secretary who had a big influence on drafting the Social Security Act was also the first women cabinet member