1. FDR’s New Deal

2. Election of 1932
Hoover was blamed for the countries woes and FDR wins in a landslide victory
Promises a more active role of the govt. in addressing poverty, providing discounts
Eleanor Roosevelt – Revolutionizes the role of the 1st lady; Very active in social issues, Opinionated, Strong
Great communicator; cheerful, optimistic
Fireside Chats
Hoover was unpersonable, worked alone, quiet

4. Change in role of Government
New Deal – Various programs created by FDR and his advisors to end the depression / fix US economy
100 Days – FDR and Congress passed an unprecedented number of laws to combat the Depression

5. Fixing Banks
Banking Crisis – Banks were closing by the thousands due to overuse of credit
“buying on margin” installment buying
Bank Runs - millions of Americans rushed to withdraw their savings
FDR declared a “Bank Holiday” forcing banks to close for 4 days
Only banks that were in good condition were allowed to reopen
FDIC – Created to insure bank deposits

6. Fixing the Economy
National Recovery Administration (NRA) & Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Both restricted production to raise prices of goods and increase profits
Paid farmers to not grow food
CCC – Male heads of families given jobs by the govt. to provide for their families.

7. Wagner Labor Relations Act or National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) guaranteed workers the right to form unions
Union workers make more than non union workers

8. TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority; Govt
TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority; Govt. program to provide jobs and resources to poor rural areas in 7 States
TVA proved to be most controversial New Deal program
Govt. money intended to put people to work and bring electricity to impoverished rural areas
Critics argued that it was socialism, govt. giving money to the poor to raise their standard of living

9. Tennessee Valley Authority
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Tennessee Valley Authority

11. Hoover Dam was built to provide needed water out West

12. Federal Water Projects in California Built or Funded by the New Deal
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Federal Water Projects in California Built or Funded by the New Deal

15. New Deal Critics on All Sides
Huey P. Long – “Share our Wealth” – Democrat LA governor / US Senator with a radical plan to redistribute wealth “more fairly”
Criticized FDR for being too friendly to banks and businessmen
Assassinated
Radicals (anarchists / socialists) believed the New Deal did not go far enough to help those in need

16. Father Charles Coughlin the “radio priest” – Criticized FDR for not cracking down on bankers and financial leaders for causing the Depression
Dr. Francis Townsend - Criticized the New Deal for not doing enough for older Americans (wanted pensions for people over 60)

17. The American Liberty League - Believed that the New Deal went too far and was anti-business
Believed it would destroy the American spirit due to the unprecedented change (and cost) in US govt. role in people’s lives.
Too many taxes, govt. regulations, free Handouts, Debt
Businesses are laying people off to pay taxes
Govt. programs like the WPA, meant to put Americans back to work, caused US businesses to close because they could not compete financially with the govt.

18. Part II

19. 2nd New Deal
2nd New Deal and 2nd 100 days after FDR’s reelection
FDR’s opponent only won two states
Unemployment had been cut in half, but still many problems
Taxes raised on wealthy
More govt. regulation in business and banking

21. Supreme Court vs. the New Deal
Supreme Court overturned many of the original New Deal laws
NIRA, NRA, AAA were all overturned in court
Written too hastily, minor wording changes needed to keep from violating the Constitution

22. Court Packing Plan
FDR planned to expand the Supreme Court by 6 Justices to get more Democratic justices
Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States greatly weakened the NIRA
Plan was voted down as a violation of Checks and Balances
Major publicity blunder for FDR
The plan did work in intimidating some members of the Supreme Court to support the New Deal

23. Addressing Critics
In an attempt by FDR to meet the demands of his critics new acts required people to work in order to get govt. assistance
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) – gave money w/o requiring work
Works Progress Administration (WPA) – Largest peacetime program to provide jobs in US History
From Construction projects like schools and hospitals to artists
Social Security – Benefits for 65 & up; unemployment insurance

24. African-Americans, Women and the New Deal
New Deal did more to reinforce patterns of racial discrimination than promote racial equality
Took only symbolic steps supporting civil rights but did / could not make the issue a top priority

25. Important women in FDR’s administration worked mostly behind the scenes
Frances Perkins – US Secretary of Labor
1st Female Cabinet Member
Little commitment in administration for women’s equality

26. End of the New Deal
1937 stock market slipped again and despite a rebound 1938 New Deal began to lose support
Deficit spending – People began to debate how much govt. debt was too much
Democrats thought more needed to be done
Not everyone got equal help
Republicans began to win more seats in Congress by criticizing the size of govt., role in people’s lives, high taxes, handouts

29. Add on New Deal vs. Business
Use recent scholarship on page 373 to explain republican view of why new deal was bad and how businesses couldn’t compete with the WPA
Caple style TVA / New Deal Debate

30. Yes, but No Discussion

31. YES, but No Unemployment was cut in half
Gross National Product increased
Govt. policies introduced to protect investors; SEC
WPA built 2,500 hospitals and 6,000 schools
TVA provided electricity to rural areas in 7 states
Provided relief for those in need
Improved the nations infrastructure, transportation systems

32. Yes, but NO Businesses could not compete with the US govt.
People more dependent on govt.
The depression improved, but was not fixed
FDR could not help all those that needed help
Workers benefits decreased, pay
New Deal masked, covered up the problems, didn’t fix them
Help was only temporary