1. Patterns of Growth anD Evolution

2. Macroevolution Creates NEW Species

3. Adaptive Radiation aka Divergent Evolution
Single species or a small group of species becomes different species
Ex. Galapagos Finches

6. Unrelated organisms come to resemble one another: similar environments
Convergent Evolution
Unrelated organisms come to resemble one another: similar environments

7. North American cacti Euphorbias in Southern Africa
Convergent Evolution
North American cacti Euphorbias in Southern Africa

8. Punctuated Equilibrium
Patterns of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. Due to environmental pressures.

9. Punctuated Equilibrium

10. Slow, constant, gradual change over long periods of time
Gradualism
Slow, constant, gradual change over long periods of time

11. Gradualism
Certain moths in one population gradually adopt changes in color and wing shape. After a great deal of time, the two groups of moths develop into entirely distinct species from one another.

12. Two species evolve in response to changes in each other
Coevolution
Two species evolve in response to changes in each other

13. Rough skinned newt has enough toxin to kill everyone in this room
Coevolution
Rough skinned newt has enough toxin to kill everyone in this room
The garter snake has evolved immunity to the toxin secreted in its skin

14. Coevolution
Bumblebees and the flowers the they pollinate have co-evolved so that both have become dependent on each other for survival.

15. Coevolution
Praying Mantis simulates plant to protect itself from predators and eats pests that are attracted to and feed on the plant, so it protects the plant.

16. Coevolution Shrimp cleaning Titan triggerfish in Pacific Ocean

17. Geographic isolation

20. Biological Resistance
Mutations make some organisms resistant to a toxin (antibiotic or pesticide)

23. Evolutionary Time Scales
Microevolution:
Short time scale events (generation-to-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations