1. Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna

5. Prior to the German Confederation in 1815 there were over 300 German states.
After the Congress of Vienna there were 39

6. Congress of Vienna September of 1814- June of 1815
Main goals were to undo everything that Napoleon had done and restore legitimate monarchies in Europe.

7. Key Players Frederick William III Czar Alexander I
Viscount Castlereagh
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
Prince Klemens von Metternich

8. Key Points Balance of Power 2. Legitimacy 3. Compensation
Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300+, under Austrian rule.
Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

9. Continued… Norway and Sweden were joined.
The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.
Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.
Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.
Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa.
The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies.
The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise.
The slave trade was condemned (at British urging).
Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

11. An Evaluation of the Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was criticized for ignoring the liberal & nationalist aspirations of so many peoples.
The leading statesmen at Vienna underestimated the new nationalism and liberalism generated by the French Revolution.
Balance of power maintained until German and Italian Unification movements
No large scale wars until WWI.

13. Ideological Warfare Conservatives Liberals
Conservatism arose in reaction to liberalism & became a popular alternative for those who were frightened by the violence unleashed by the French Revolution.
Early conservatism was allied to the restored monarchical governments of Austria, Prussia, France, and England.
Supported by the ruling class, Romantics and peasants
Different from the modern ideology
Against the controlling forces of monarchy, Church and aristocracy
Pro Constitutionalism and male suffrage with limits.
Protection of individual rights to wealth and property- new bourgeoisie.