1. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Colonization, Infection, Detection, and Treatment 
Ali Zirakzadeh, MD, Robin Patel, MD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 81, Issue 4, Pages (April 2006)
DOI: /
Copyright © 2006 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Mechanism of action of vancomycin and mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in enterococci with vanA-associated vancomycin resistance. V = vancomycin. From Patel R. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in solid organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 1999;4: , with permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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3. Figure 2
The vanA operon in Tn1546. From Patel R. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in solid organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 1999;4: , with permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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4. Figure 3
Rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction assay using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology. Probes specific to van genes containing donor and reporter dyes are annealed to amplifying DNA. When these dyes are located in proximity to one another (as a result of probe hybridization) and are stimulated by an outside light source, light is emitted at a unique wavelength allowing specific identification of van genes. Reprinted from Infect Dis Clin North Am, Vol 15, Wolk D, Mitchell S, Patel R. Principles of molecular and microbiology testing methods, pp , copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings  , DOI: ( / )
Copyright © 2006 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions