1. The Endocrine System
Linda Lu and Veleda Tam

2. Introduction
The Endocrine System

3. Introduction – Endocrine Glands
specialized organs that produce hormones
Release hormones directly into the bloodstream  carries the hormones throughout the body

4. Introduction – Hormones
Chemical messengers produced in one region of the body to act on target cells in another part
Regulate growth, behavior, development, and reproduction
Operated by a negative feedback system
How a hormone works:
Depends on whether the hormone is a steroid, protein, peptide
“Like dissolves like.”

5. The Endocrine Glands
Pituitary, Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Parathyroids

6. The Pituitary Gland “The Master Gland”
Anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

7. Anterior Pituitary Secretes five main hormones Growth Hormone (GH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

8. Posterior Pituitary Secretes two hormones made by the hypothalamus:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin

9. “GATOR” Growth Hormone ACTH Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
^ Anterior
Oxytocin
R – AntidiuRetic Hormone (ADH)
^ Posterior

10. The Hypothalamus …

11. The Hypothalamus Endocrine system / Nervous System
Nervous System: Electrical signals  Adrenal gland
Endocrine System: Oxytocin and ADH  posterior pituitary
Center for hunger and thirst
GnRH  Anterior Pituitary  FSH and LH

12. The Thyroid Gland …

13. The Thyroid Located in the neck Target organ of TSH Secretes Thyroxine
Calcitonin

14. The Parathyroids …

15. The Parathyroids Four little pea-shaped organs Located on the thyroid
Secrete
Parathyroid Hormone

16. Adrenal Glands The adrenal cortex: the outer part of the gland
The adrenal medulla: the inner part of the gland

17. The Adrenal Cortex 1) Glucocorticoids
- triggered by hypothalamus and pituitary glands
- increase the blood’s concentration of glucose and help the body adapt to stress
2) Mineralcorticoids
- triggered by kidney
- help the body retain Na+ and water in the kidneys

18. The Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
- involved in flight or fight response
- increase a person’s heart ratre, metabolic rate, blood pressure and give a quick boost of energy

19. The Pancreas 1) Glucagon
- raises blood glucose level and promotes glycogen breakdown
2) Insulin
- lowers blood glucose level and promotes glycogen buildup

20. Sex Hormones 1) Androgens (testosterones)
- bring about male sex characteristics
- stimulate spermatogenesis
2) Estrogen and Progesterone
- bring about female sex characteristics
- regulate the menstrual cycle