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A New Industrial Age Chapter 6
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The Railroad Why was the U.S. Destined to become an industrialized nation? Transportation Building Materials Energy Sources Communication
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Transcontinental Railroad
Union Pacific & Central Pacific Railroad Completed on May 10, 1869 Linked the East and West
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Transcontinental Railroad
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Railroads Helped… Promote trade Provide jobs to immigrants
Expand cattle ranching and farming Speed up settlement of the West
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Building Materials Concrete Steel Glass
Immigrants? Millions of new Americans were willing to work in horrible conditions for little pay All of these materials were used to construct new factories, office buildings and houses for immigrants
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Energy Sources Oil Electricity Coal
These energy sources would fuel the Industrial Revolution in America
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Technology and City Life
With the invention of the elevator and the internal steel skeleton, skyscrapers started popping up in the cities Steel-cable suspension bridges were built Bessemer Process Henry Bessemer Brooklyn Bridge
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Technology and City Life
Electric streetcars and subways expanded cities
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Inventors and Innovations
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George Westinghouse Air-Brake system for trains
Alternating Current ability to send power over long distance
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George Pullman Pullman Sleeping Car
Provided for easier, more comfortable transportation People travel more
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Andrew Carnegie Father of Carnegie Steel Corporation
Rose up from being a poor immigrant Helped spur Industrial growth
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J.P. Morgan Banking and finance
Purchased Carnegie Steel and created U.S. Steel Corporation
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Thomas Edison Wizard of Menlo Park Invented the light bulb
1,000 + patents Helped provide affordable and safe lighting for all families and industries
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John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Trust Became the World’s Richest Man
Perfected horizontal integration and “Trusts”
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What is a Trust? a form of business entity used in the late 19th Century with intent to create a monopoly. Some but not all were organized as trusts in the legal sense. They were often created when corporate leaders convinced (or coerced) the shareholders of all the companies in one industry to convey their shares to a board of trustees, in exchange for dividend-paying certificates.
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Samuel F.B. Morse Perfected the telegraph
Used to send messages during Civil War Enabled messages to be sent quickly over long distances Telegraph Cables crossed the Atlantic Ocean
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Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Father of A T&T
A pioneer in improving communication for the deaf. Faster communication
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Cornelius Vanderbilt Steamships Railroads
Was known as Commodore Vanderbilt Father of Vanderbilt University Helped with expansion of railroads and industry
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Milton Hershey Company town of Hershey, PA. Town Motto: “The Sweetest Place on Earth” Chocolate
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Pierre S. DuPont Wealthy family Gunpowder industry Explosives
Today DuPont makes plastics, paints, home products and explosives
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Phillip Armour & Gustavus Swift
The Meat Kings of Chicago Meat Packing
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Philosophies behind the Industrial Revolution
Social-Darwinism Rugged-Individualism Laissez-Faire
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Laissez-Faire Leave alone Hands-off Let it be economics
Government did not interfere in business practices. No regulation
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Rugged Individualism The idea that it was a persons responsibility to help themselves No welfare, no safety net Instilled and reinforced the hard work ethic
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Social Darwinism “Survival of the Fittest” applied to humanity
It was the basic belief that those who deserved and were strongest would become wealthy and those who were poor were obviously not fit enough. Either you were fit or you were not.
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Two Views on Industrialists
Robber Barons Captains of Industry
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Robber Barons
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Robber Barons Business owners / industrialists
Employed children, women and immigrants for low wages Resisted unions Poor working conditions, hazardous No workman’s compensation, no fringe benefits
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons / Child Labor
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Robber Barons View is negative
Portrays men like Vanderbilt and Rockefeller and Ford as cruel and ruthless These "robber barons" were accused of exploiting workers and forcing horrible working conditions and unfair labor practices upon the laborer.
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Captains of Industry The term captain views these men as viewed ingenious and industrious leaders who transformed the American economy with their business skills. They were praised for their skills as well as for their philanthropy (charity). Built libraries, universities, music halls, and contributed to the community.
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Captains of Industry
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