1. A New Industrial Age
Chapter 6

2. The Railroad
Why was the U.S. Destined to become an industrialized nation?
Transportation
Building Materials
Energy Sources
Communication

3. Transcontinental Railroad
Union Pacific & Central Pacific Railroad
Completed on May 10, 1869
Linked the East and West

5. Transcontinental Railroad

6. Railroads Helped… Promote trade Provide jobs to immigrants
Expand cattle ranching and farming
Speed up settlement of the West

7. Building Materials Concrete Steel Glass
Immigrants? Millions of new Americans were willing to work in horrible conditions for little pay
All of these materials were used to construct new factories, office buildings and houses for immigrants

8. Energy Sources Oil Electricity Coal
These energy sources would fuel the Industrial Revolution in America

9. Technology and City Life
With the invention of the elevator and the internal steel skeleton, skyscrapers started popping up in the cities
Steel-cable suspension bridges were built
Bessemer Process
Henry Bessemer
Brooklyn Bridge

10. Technology and City Life
Electric streetcars and subways expanded cities

11. Inventors and Innovations

12. George Westinghouse Air-Brake system for trains
Alternating Current ability to send power over long distance

13. George Pullman Pullman Sleeping Car
Provided for easier, more comfortable transportation
People travel more

14. Andrew Carnegie Father of Carnegie Steel Corporation
Rose up from being a poor immigrant
Helped spur Industrial growth

15. J.P. Morgan Banking and finance
Purchased Carnegie Steel and created U.S. Steel Corporation

16. Thomas Edison Wizard of Menlo Park Invented the light bulb
1,000 + patents
Helped provide affordable and safe lighting for all families and industries

17. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Trust Became the World’s Richest Man
Perfected horizontal integration and “Trusts”

18. What is a Trust?
a form of business entity used in the late 19th Century with intent to create a monopoly. Some but not all were organized as trusts in the legal sense.
They were often created when corporate leaders convinced (or coerced) the shareholders of all the companies in one industry to convey their shares to a board of trustees, in exchange for dividend-paying certificates.

19. Samuel F.B. Morse Perfected the telegraph
Used to send messages during Civil War
Enabled messages to be sent quickly over long distances
Telegraph Cables crossed the Atlantic Ocean

20. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Father of A T&T
A pioneer in improving communication for the deaf.
Faster communication

21. Cornelius Vanderbilt Steamships Railroads
Was known as Commodore Vanderbilt
Father of Vanderbilt University
Helped with expansion of railroads and industry

22. Milton Hershey
Company town of Hershey, PA. Town Motto: “The Sweetest Place on Earth”
Chocolate

23. Pierre S. DuPont Wealthy family Gunpowder industry Explosives
Today DuPont makes plastics, paints, home products and explosives

24. Phillip Armour & Gustavus Swift
The Meat Kings of Chicago
Meat Packing

25. Philosophies behind the Industrial Revolution
Social-Darwinism
Rugged-Individualism
Laissez-Faire

26. Laissez-Faire Leave alone Hands-off Let it be economics
Government did not interfere in business practices. No regulation

27. Rugged Individualism
The idea that it was a persons responsibility to help themselves
No welfare, no safety net
Instilled and reinforced the hard work ethic

28. Social Darwinism “Survival of the Fittest” applied to humanity
It was the basic belief that those who deserved and were strongest would become wealthy and those who were poor were obviously not fit enough. Either you were fit or you were not.

29. Two Views on Industrialists
Robber Barons
Captains of Industry

30. Robber Barons

31. Robber Barons Business owners / industrialists
Employed children, women and immigrants for low wages
Resisted unions
Poor working conditions, hazardous
No workman’s compensation, no fringe benefits

32. Robber Barons / Child Labor

33. Robber Barons / Child Labor

34. Robber Barons / Child Labor

35. Robber Barons / Child Labor

36. Robber Barons / Child Labor

37. Robber Barons / Child Labor

38. Robber Barons / Child Labor

39. Robber Barons / Child Labor

40. Robber Barons View is negative
Portrays men like Vanderbilt and Rockefeller and Ford as cruel and ruthless
These "robber barons" were accused of exploiting workers and forcing horrible working conditions and unfair labor practices upon the laborer.

41. Captains of Industry
The term captain views these men as viewed ingenious and industrious leaders who transformed the American economy with their business skills. They were praised for their skills as well as for their philanthropy (charity).
Built libraries, universities, music halls, and contributed to the community.

42. Captains of Industry