1. Introduction to the Cell video (3 min)
Chapter 7
Voyage within a Cell 14 min review

2. History of Cells: video clip 1 video clip 2
Discovery of cells made possible with the discovery of the microscope
Def: smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life

3. Discovery of the Cell (made possible by the discovery of scope
Hooke - Discovered and named the cell – observed cork – called them tiny rooms
1673 Leewenhoek - First to see living cells (microscopic organisms)

4. Discovery of the Cell 1824 – Dutrochet
- Plants and Animals are made of cells
Brown
Discovered the nucleus
Dujardin
Discovered protoplasm
Schleiden (botanist)
Hypothesized all plants were made of cells

5. Discovery of the Cell 1839 - Schwann (zoologist) 1855 - Virchow
Hypothesized all animals are made of cells
Virchow
All cells come from other cells
Discovered that the nucleus controls the cell

6. Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
organelles Cell Tissue Organs
Organ System Organism
3. Cells come from reproduction of existing cells

7. Types of Cells Eukaryotic Multicellular and unicellular Prokaryotic
Nucleus present
Membrane bound organelles
Ex: animals, plants, fungus, algae
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
No nucleus
No membrane
bound organelles
Most numerous of
living things
Ex: bacteria, protista

8. Cell Shape The shape of the cell (form) reflects its function.
Ex: Nerve cell are long strands for sending chemical messages throughout the body.
Ex: Blood cells are circular and pliable to get through the blood vessels.

9. Cell Shape- “Skin Deep”

10. Cell Size 10-50 um (micrometers)
Limited by its surface area to volume ratio

11. Lipid bilayer
Contain a phosphate head that is polar and soluble in water
Has a fatty acid tail that is nonpolar and insoluble in water

12. Parts of the Cell Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Semipermeable - keeps some molecules out, but lets others through (controls what enters and leaves cell
Made of a lipid bilayer
Has protein channels that aid with the movement of nutrients, water, oxygen into the cell and waste and CO2 out of the cell
Have carbohydrate chains which are chemical recognition sites and interact with each other

13. Fluid Mosaic Model
Fluid: Membrane bilayer acts as liquid (lipids and proteins move within bilayer)
Mosaic: made of several different components
Ex’s: nuclei, vacuoles, mitochondria, and chloroplast

14. Cytoplasm contains water and salts
between cell membrane and the nucleus
Site of chemical reactions

15. Nucleus and Nucleolus
Nucleus directs all activity of the cell; such as cell growth, protein synthesis, cell division
Nucleolus is a dark dot in the nucleus makes ribosomes and stores proteins and RNA

16. Nuclear Envelope or Nuclear Membrane
Double membrane where substances enter and leave through pores (nuclear pores)

17. Cell Wall Located outside cell membrane, has pores
Supports and protects plant
Made of cellulose
Nonliving
Plants, fungus, bacteria

18. Vacuole Large fluid filled membranous sac
Stores , enzymes, metabolic wastes
Pressure of water keeps plants from wilting

19. Plastids Have 2 membranes
Function- store energy in sugar molecule bonds
Types…

20. Plastids (plants only)
Chromoplast
Pigments for red, orange, and yellow color fruit, flowers, leaves
Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll (green) trap sunlight for photosynthesis

21. Leucoplast
Found in plants
Colorless
Starch storage

22. Ribosomes Make proteins and enzymes
Found free floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Has no membrane
In Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
FUNCTIONS
Makes protein and enzymes
makes steroids (gland cells)
regulates calcium levels in muscle
breaks down toxic substances in
the liver
Rough ER - has ribosomes
Smooth ER - has NO ribosomes
stores what the RER makes

24. Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Complex
Add lipids or carbohydrates to proteins made by rough ER and ribosomes
Golgi then package the finished proteins and transports them for export

25. Lysosomes
Small sacs of powerful digestive enzymes which cleans up cellular wastes by dissolving them
Made by golgi

26. Centrioles Rod shape structure
Used during mitosis and is responsible for spindle formation and movement
Animals only
Made of microtubules

27. Cytoskeleton Called microtubules
Hollow tubes that support cells and move cells
Maintains shape and size of cell
Microfilaments: protein fibers used to move organelles and used in muscle contractions

28. Cilia/Flagella Hair like organelle for movement Cilia-many and short
Flagella-few and long -tail like
Made of microtubules

29. Flagella and Cilia Movement

30. Mitochondria
Provide energy for the cell by converting glucose and oxygen into A.T.P.(energy molecule)
Called the powerhouse of the cell
Cristae increases surface area for chemical reactions

31. Chromatin Fine strands Combination of DNA and protein
Located in nucleus
When tightly packed they are called chromosomes
Stores heredity info

32. Differences Between Plants and Animals
Animals have centrioles, many small vacuoles,
Plants have cell walls, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts

34. Cell Action
Harvard 3D animation